基于可靠性的电动汽车小偏置碰撞轻量化优化设计

Reliability-based Lightweight Optimization Design for Small Overlap Offset Collision of Electric Vehicles

电动汽车涉及的高低压系统多且复杂,同时电池的保护要求高,为了提高电动汽车在碰撞安全中的可靠性,文章同时考虑设计变量和试验过程中的参数不确定性,建立了结合正交试验设计、Kriging代理模型、多岛遗传优化算法和蒙特卡洛可靠性分析的可靠性优化设计流程。以一款电动汽车的25%小偏置碰撞开发为例,优化后的白车身结构满足耐撞性要求,优化涉及的白车身相关零件重量降低了7.7%,可靠性达到了95%以上。

Electric vehicles involve multiple and complex high and low voltage systems,as well as high battery protection requirements.In order to improve the reliability of electric vehicles in collision safety,while considering the uncertainty of design variables and parameters in the testing process,a reliability optimization design process combining orthogonal experimental design,Kriging surrogate model,multi-island genetic optimization algorithm,and Monte Carlo reliability analysis is established.Taking the development of a 25%overlap offset collision for an electric vehicle as an ex⁃ample,the optimized BIW meets the durability requirements,and the weight of the BIW parts in⁃volved in the optimization is reduced by 7.7%,with a reliability over 95%.