近10年嫩江市大豆种植结构空间演变研究

STUDY ON THE SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF SOYBEAN PLANTING STRUCTURE IN NENJIANG COUNTY IN RECENT 10 YEARS

[目的]我国是世界上最大的大豆进口国,随着近几年中美贸易战的摩擦升级、新型冠状病毒影响导致的全球贸易交流减少,乌克兰战事致其大豆出口骤降等各种因素的影响,我国大豆生产存在潜在危险。研究大豆主产区大豆种植结构动态分布及空间演变,对中国粮食安全和进出口大豆体量都有重大意义。[方法]文章依托2011—2021年Landsat系列多景影像,利用“3S”技术、随机森林算法,得到黑龙江省嫩江市大豆空间面积,并通过J-M距离法对样点进行精度验证,最后通过景观格局指数方法,分析黑龙江省嫩江市大豆种植结构时空演变特征。[结果]2011—2021年黑龙江省嫩江市大豆种植面积在时空上整体上先减少再增加,主要种植面积从东北部至西南部、东南部增加。大豆面积总体以增加为主,但分阶段面积变化幅度较大。[结论]该文利用近10年遥感影像对黑龙江省嫩江市大豆种植结构空间演变研究,以作为东北地区作物种植结构调整、优化粮食安全保障的依据,同时为国家粮食生产政策制定提供参考。

China is the world′s largest soybean importer.With the escalation of Sino-US trade war friction in recent years,the reduction of global trade exchanges caused by the impact of the new coronavirus,and the sudden decline of soybean exports caused by the war in Ukraine,China′s soybean production is in potential danger.Studying the dynamic distribution and spatial evolution of soybean planting structure in major soybean producing areas is of great significance to China′s food security and the volume of imported and exported soybeans.Based on Landsat series of multi-landscape images from 2011 to 2021,"3S"technology and random forest algorithm were used to obtain the regional soybean spatial area in Nenjiang city,Heilongjiang province,and the accuracy of sample points was verified by J-M distance.Finally,the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of soybean planting structure in Nenjiang city,Heilongjiang province were analyzed by landscape pattern index method.The results showed the soybean planting area in Nenjiang city of Heilongjiang province decreased first and then increased,and the main planting area increased from northeast to southwest and southeast from 2011 to 2021.And the total area of soybean increased mainly,but the area changed greatly by stages.In summary,this research studies the spatial evolution of soybean planting structure in Nenjiang city,Heilongjiang province by using remote sensing images in recent 10 years,so as to serve as a basis for adjusting crop planting structure and optimizing food security in Northeast China,and provide references for formulating national food production policies.