强制性体育仲裁协议的正当性争议及中国因应

The Justification Controversy over Mandatory Sports Arbitration Agreements and China’s Response

国际体育仲裁院在处理体育纠纷中起着不可替代的作用,国际各大主要体育组织习惯于将国际体育仲裁院仲裁条款插入其章程规范中而使体育仲裁协议表现出仲裁的强制性,因而对强制性体育仲裁协议的正当性产生冲击。理论和实践中都认可正当性补充理论对国际体育仲裁院机制中强制性体育仲裁协议的正当性的论证,即仲裁协议的正当性不在于摒弃强制性,而是如何优化强制性以保障运动员合法权利。人权保障是体育纠纷解决机制设计的内在逻辑,也是仲裁协议正当性存在的首要之善。我国体育仲裁制度应提高仲裁的透明度、开放仲裁员名册、完善仲裁员回避制度,进一步推动运动员权利保障和体育法治化的发展。

The International Court of Arbitration for Sport(ICAS)plays an irreplaceable role in resolving sports disputes.Major international sports organizations are accustomed to incorporating ICAS arbitration clauses into their charter regulations,thereby making the sports arbitration agreements appear mandatory.This has challenged the legitimacy of mandatory sports arbitration agreements.Both in theory and practice,the legitimacy supplementa⁃tion theory is recognized to justify the legitimacy of mandatory sports arbitration agreements in the ICAS mecha⁃nism.That is,the legitimacy of the arbitration agreement does not lie in abandoning mandatory provisions,but in optimizing them to safeguard the legal rights of athletes.Human rights protection is the intrinsic logic of the design of the sports dispute resolution mechanism,and it is also the primary good for the existence of the legitimacy of the arbitration agreement.China’s sports arbitration system should enhance the transparency of arbitration,open the list of arbitrators,and improve the system of arbitrator withdrawal,further promoting the protection of athletes’rights and the development of sports rule of law.