我国青少年运动乐趣变化特征分析及其学理性应答

Analysis of and Academic Response to the Changing Characteristics of Sport Enjoyment among Adolescents in China

享受运动乐趣是青少年增强体质、健全人格、锤炼意志的逻辑起点,虽然当前政策从宏观层面对运动乐趣进行引领,但具体的教学实施仍缺乏相应的实践支撑。在分析我国1-12年级青少年运动乐趣强度、来源的特征及其变化趋势的基础上,提出与之相对应的体育与健康课程学理性应答。采用问卷调查法、数理统计法等方法,对我国5600名青少年的运动乐趣强度、来源进行调查及分析,结果表明:青少年运动乐趣强度在性别、年级上存在差异;运动乐趣强度和运动乐趣来源具有强相关关系;青少年运动乐趣来源在性别、年级上存在差异。据此提出以下学理性应答:在体育教学活动中应为学生提供多种类别的运动乐趣来源,并着重突出其最喜爱的运动乐趣来源;通过改变比赛规则、提供更多鼓励和赞赏等方式帮助女生获得更多的运动乐趣;根据青少年各阶段身心发展的特点和需求侧重不同维度运动乐趣来源的培养;根据1年级学生运动乐趣倾向设计教学实施方案,使其运动乐趣强度在较高水平不会下滑。

The enjoyment of sports is the logical starting point for adolescents to enhance their physical fitness,improve their personality,and refine their will.Although the current policy leads to the enjoyment of sports at the macro level,the implementation of specific teaching still lacks support in corresponding realities.The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the intensity and source of sports enjoyment of adolescents in Grade 1-12 in China and their changing trends,and to propose a corresponding scientific and rational response in physi⁃cal education and health science.Using questionnaires and mathematical statistics,we investigated and analyzed the intensity and source of sports enjoyment of 5,600 adolescents in China,and the results are shown as follows:there are differences in the intensity of sports enjoyment in adolescents in terms of gender and grade;there is a strong correlation between the intensity of sports enjoyment and the source of sports enjoyment;there are differenc⁃es in the source of sports enjoyment in adolescents in terms of gender and grade.Accordingly,the following aca⁃demic responses are proposed:provide students with a variety of sources of sport enjoyment in physical education activities and highlight the favorite sources of sport enjoyment;help girls obtain more sport enjoyment by changing the rules of the games and providing more encouragement and appreciation;focus on the cultivation of different dimensions of sport enjoyment according to the physical and mental developmental characteristics and needs of adolescents in different stages;select teaching implementation plans according to the tendency of first graders to enjoy sports in order to maintain the intensity of their enjoyment at a high level without slippage.