体育、舆论与民族主义:1932年刘长春参加奥运会过程研究

Sports,Public Opinion and Nationalism-A Study on Liu Changchun’s Participation in the 1932 Olympic Games

1932年,刘长春参加洛杉矶夏季奥运会,为中国首次派运动员参加奥运会,是中国体育史上的重要事件。通过整理分析历史上中、日、美的档案、报刊、回忆录等大量文献,对1932年刘长春参加奥运会过程进行研究。研究表明:1932年,日本筹备让伪满派刘长春等参加洛杉矶夏季奥运会,5月末初步得到奥运会方面同意,但6月又被拒绝。1932年5月末,相关消息初步传入国内,初步引发舆情,6月中旬,该事件发展成严重舆论事件。中国原本不计划派运动员参加本届奥运会,但舆情发酵之后,在中国体育界的快速筹备下,刘长春成功代表中国参加该届奥运会。在民族危机的背景之下,舆情发酵之后,刘长春参加奥运会,被舆论认为成功挫败日本阴谋,是抗日救国的胜利,刘长春亦被塑造成著名的抗日救国民族英雄,该事件产生巨大社会效益。

Liu Changchun participated in the Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games in 1932,becoming the first Chinese athlete to participate in the Olympics,which is an important event in Chinese sports history.By sorting out and analyzing a large amount of historical documents,such as archives,newspapers,memoirs,and other materi⁃als from China,Japan and the United States,this paper studies Liu Changchun’s participation in the 1932 Olym⁃pic Games.The research shows that Japan prepared to let the Manchukuo send Liu Changchun and others to partici⁃pate in the 1932 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games.At the end of May,they were initially approved by the Olympic Committee,but were rejected again in June.At the end of May 1932,the news of Manchukuo’s partici⁃pation in the Olympic Games initially spread to China Mainland,triggering initial public opinion.In mid June,the incident developed into a serious public opinion event.China did not plan to send athletes to the Olympic Games,but after the public opinion event was fermented,Liu Changchun successfully represented China to in the Olympic Games under the rapid preparation of the Chinese sports community.Against the backdrop of national crisis,after the public opinion event of the Manchukuo’s participation in the Olympic Games was fermented,Liu Changchun’s participation in the Olympic Games was considered by the public to have successfully defeated the Japanese plot,which was a victory in the fight against Japan and saving the country.Liu Changchun was also portrayed as a famous anti-Japanese national hero.This event has produced significant social benefits.