心肌补片的制备及其在心肌梗死治疗中的应用进展

Research progress in preparation and applications of myocardial patches in myocardial infarction treatment

由心肌缺血引起的心肌梗死会导致心肌细胞的丧失,随后梗死区被瘢痕组织代替,最后导致心力衰竭,但其治疗方法十分有限。目前,心肌补片是治疗心肌梗死的一种十分有前景的策略。其设计是根据工程学原理,将具有一定功能的种子细胞或生物活性物质与适宜的支架材料复合,构建出可用于移植、修复或替代自体心肌的生物材料。心肌补片的生物材料支架通常通过脱细胞基质、静电纺丝技术、3D生物打印、水凝胶、细胞补片等方法制备。主要对心肌补片的制备方法及其在心肌梗死中的应用进展进行综述。

Myocardial infarction caused by myocardial ischemia can lead to the loss of cardiomyocytes,resulting in the replacement of the myocardial infarction area with scar tissue and ultimately leading to heart failure.However,the treatment options are currently very limited.Currently,myocardial patch therapy is a promising strategy for treating severe myocardial infarction.This approach is based on engineering principles and involves combining seed cells or biological active substances with suitable scaffold materials to construct biomaterials that can be used for transplantation,repair,or replacement of autologous myocardium.The biomaterial scaffolds for engineered myocardial patches are usually prepared by means of acellular matrix,electrospinning technology,3D biological printing,hydrogel,cell patch and other methods.In this paper,the preparation methods of myocardial patches and their application progress in myocardial infarction treatment are reviewed.