力激励下高速列车受电弓区域组合顶板结构传声特性研究

Transmission Characteristics and Optimization of Full Path Structure Acoustic of Pantograph Area

针对高速列车受电弓区域车内噪声显著,而受电弓顶板区域结构传声特性及对车内噪声贡献研究不足的问题,采用混合FE-SEA法,考虑“受电弓安装基座-车身型材-内饰吊装/车顶空腔-内饰顶板-车内噪声”传声全链路,建立组合顶板结构传声特性分析模型,研究力激励下的受电弓区域车内噪声响应特性及空气/结构传声特性,进而提出了相应的降噪建议。结果表明:力激励下车身型材结构产生振动声辐射,其将通过空气和结构传声路径经由内饰顶板对车内噪声形成声源贡献;车体型材对车内噪声功率输入贡献约为78%,内饰顶板贡献约为15%,车身型材对车内噪声响应起主导作用;通过对型材结构进行振动声辐射优化,并对“安装基座-型材-吊装-内饰顶板”结构路径进行隔振优化,车身型材、吊装结构和内饰顶板的振动响应可降低4~5 dB,车内噪声总值降低2.4 dB(A)。定量分析了受电弓顶板各部件对车内噪声的贡献,研究成果可为高速列车受电弓区域的车内噪声控制提供参考。

Aiming at the problem that the interior noise of pantograph area of high-speed train is obvious,and the sound transmission characteristics of pantograph roof area and its contribution to interior noise are insufficient.Based on the hybrid FE-SEA method,considering the whole sound transmission link of pantograph mounting base,body profile,interior hoisting/roof cavity,interior roof and interior noise,the sound transmission characteristics analysis model of composite roof structure is established.The characteristic of interior noise response and the sound transmission were studied and corresponding measures for noise control in the vehicle are proposed.The results show that,the vehicle body profile structure generates vibration and sound radiation under force excitation,which will contribute to the sound source of the train interior noise through the air and structural sound transmission path through the interior roof panel;The profile contributes about 78%of the noise power input in the train,and the interior roof panel contributes about 15%.The profile plays a leading role in the noise response of the train;By optimizing the vibration and sound radiation of the profile structure,and optimizing the vibration isolation of the“mounting base-profile-hoisting-interior roof”structural path,the vibration response of the body profile,hoisting structure and interior roof can be reduced by more than 4~5dB.The total value of the noise in the train is reduced by 2.4 dB(A).The contribution of pantograph roof components to vehicle interior noise is quantitatively analyzed.The research results can provide reference for vehicle interior noise control in pantograph area of high-speed trains.