《痘科键》成书及学术思想探析

Study on completion and academic thought of Dou Ke Jian(The Key of Smallpox)

《痘科键》是明末朱巽著、清初朱凤台编撰刊刻的痘疹专书。其在中国研究较少,却对日本痘科产生了深远影响。通过对《痘科键》与古代痘疹著作的对比,参考日本池田家族在《痘科键》基础上完成的《痘科键会通》《痘科键私衡》《痘科键删正补注》等著作,系统梳理《痘科键》作者生平、编著及刊刻背景、主要内容、学术特色及价值、对后世的影响等。作者倡导的“毒藏脾经,重视气血”“辨表里虚实,以唇舌为纲”等观点对后世传染病论治具有重要的参考价值。

Dou Ke Jian(The Key of Smallpox)was written by Zhu Xun in the late Ming dynasty,collated and published by Zhu Fengtai in the Qing dynasty.It was rarely studied in China,but have a far-reaching influence in Japan.By comparing with other works about smallpox and refering to the Japanese Ikeda family's Doukejian Huitong,Doukejian Siheng,Doukejian Shanzhengbuzhu completed on the basis of Dou Ke Jian,this paper systematically reviews the author's life,compilation and publication background,main content,academic characteristics and value,and influence on later generations.The views advocated in this book,such as"toxin hidden in the spleen meridians,attaching importance to qi and blood","distinguishing between the exterior and interior,deficiency and excess,and take the lips and tongue as the key"have important reference value for the treatment of infectious diseases in later generations.