环状RNA在过敏性疾病中的研究进展

Advancements in circRNA research in allergic diseases

环状RNA属于非编码RNA,广泛分布于真核细胞中。环状RNA由前信使RNA下游5′剪接位点和上游3′剪接位点通过共价键连接而形成。环状RNA呈闭环结构,不易被外切酶降解,稳定性高于线性RNA。环状RNA在组织中特异性表达,可以通过海绵吸附微小RNA、与RNA结合蛋白相互作用、调控基因转录等多种方式发挥生物学作用。目前研究表明,环状RNA参与包括支气管哮喘、变应性鼻炎、特应性皮炎在内的多种过敏性疾病的发生和发展。此外,由于环状RNA具有组织特异性和生物稳定性,有望成为过敏性疾病的潜在生物标志物和新的治疗靶点。文章总结目前环状RNA的生物学功能及其在过敏性疾病中的研究进展,以期为环状RNA在过敏性疾病中的研究提供理论依据和新的思路。

Circular RNA,a member of the non-coding RNA family,is widely distributed in eukaryotic cells.CircRNA is formed by covalently linking the downstream 5′splice site and upstream 3′splice site of precursor mRNA.CircRNA has a closed-loop structure and is resistant to the degradation by exonuclease,and its stability is higher than linear RNA.CircRNAs are specifically expressed in tissues and can play biological roles via functioning as sponges of microRNAs,interacting with RNA-binding proteins,and regulating gene transcription.Present studies have shown that circRNAs are involved in the development of various allergic diseases including bronchial asthma,allergic rhinoritis,and atopic dermatitis.CircRNAs can be potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for allergic diseases because of their tissue specificity and biological stability.This review summarizes the biological function and research progress of circRNAs in allergic diseases to provide theoretical basis and new clues for the future studies on circRNAs in allergic diseases.