吸水性树脂泡发球玩具的安全性评价

Safety Assessment on Absorbent Resin Expandable Toys

本研究采用红外光谱法以及急性经口毒性试验、急性经皮毒性试验、皮肤致敏试验、急性皮肤刺激性/腐蚀性试验、急性眼刺激性/腐蚀性试验和鱼类急性毒性试验等方法对吸水性树脂泡发球玩具的主要化学成分和急性毒性效应进行评价。红外光谱法检测结果显示,吸水性树脂泡发球玩具的主要成分为聚丙烯酰胺。急性经口毒性试验测得LD_(50)>5000 mg/kg,分级为低毒级;急性经皮毒性测得LD_(50)>2000 mg/kg,分级为低毒级;受试物组48 h的致敏率均为20%,为轻度致敏性,2级;皮肤刺激/腐蚀试验显示皮肤轻微红斑症状,轻微刺激性;眼刺激/腐蚀试验显示眼染毒后出现结膜轻微充血,具有微刺激性。鱼类急性毒性试验测得96 h LC_(50)位于10~100 mg/L之间。本研究结果提示劣质的吸水性树脂泡发球玩具对健康具有一定程度的影响,尤其表现在皮肤刺激、眼刺激性和鱼类急性毒性。因此,为保障儿童健康安全,相关部门和家庭应积极向儿童开展健康教育工作,督促儿童在玩耍吸水性树脂泡发球玩具过程中应做好相应防范工作,确保健康安全。同时,相关制造商也应改进工艺,改用无毒无害物质生产吸水性树脂泡发球玩具,进一步提升吸水性树脂泡发球玩具的质量。

Infrared spectrum detection and acute oral toxicity test,acute dermal toxicity test,skin sensitization test,acute skin irritation/corrosion test,acute eye irritation/corrosion test and acute fish toxic test were used to evaluate the chemical characteristics and toxic effects of absorbent resin expandable toy.Infrared spectrum detection results showed that the main component of the absorbent resin expandable toy was polyacrylamide.The oral LD_(50)>5000 mg/kg,the toxicity level was low toxicity;the dermal LD_(50)>2000 mg/kg,the toxicity level was low toxicity;the sensitive rate of 48 h of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate was 20%.The level of sensitive strength was 2^(nd) class and the substance was slightly skin sensitive;in skin irritation/corrosion test,slight erythema symptom was observed at the animals,which indicated that the substance had slight irritation to skin;in eye irritation/corrosion test,slight conjunctival hyperemia appeared after the rabbit eye was dosed,which indicated that the substance had slight irritation to eye;in the acute fish toxic test,96 h LC_(50) was between 10-100 mg/L.In summary,absorbent resin expandable toy has a certain health toxicity,especially in skin irritation,eye irritation and acute fish toxicity.Therefore,in order to ensure children’s health and safety,relevant departments and families should actively carry out health education for children,and to urge children should strictly do the corresponding preventive work in the process of playing with absorbent resin expandable toy to ensure health and safety.At the same time,the relevant manufacturers should also improve the process to produce water-absorbent resin expandable toys,or use non-toxic substances if necessary,to further enhance the quality of absorbent resin expandable toys.