借鉴与探讨国际人体器官捐献经验,规范中国人体器官获取组织发展

Exploring the experience of international human organ donation experience,standardizing the Organ Procurement Organization in China

我国高度重视人体器官捐献与移植事业的发展。自2015年我国全面开展人体器官捐献工作以来,我国人体器官捐献数量稳步上升。然而,我国的器官捐献工作尚在起步阶段,学习美国和西班牙等捐献大国的制度优势,大力发展人体器官捐献与获取,是人体器官捐献与移植事业蓬勃发展的基础。其中,美国模式由器官共享联合网络(UNOS)、人体器官获取组织(OPO)和移植医院三者紧密联系,共同构成美国的捐献与移植体系,其核心特点包括:UNOS管理美国唯一的器官获取与移植网络,制定并修订分配政策,OPO独立于移植医院之外,UNOS提供工具、资源和专业知识,帮助OPO提高服务质量。西班牙模式的核心特点则是其三级管理结构、与媒体的密切合作关系、医院内专业协调员以及为所有人员量身定制的强化培训计划。学习和借鉴美国和西班牙的人体器官捐献与移植管理模式,因地制宜地应用在我国的器官捐献中,进一步完善体系建设,形成有利于我国器官捐献和移植事业的中国模式。

China attaches great importance to the development of organ donation and transplantation.Since 2015,when China comprehensively carried out the work of human organ donation,the number of human organ donations in China has steadily increased.However,organ donation in China is still in its infancy,learning from the system advantages of"excellent donation countries"such as the United States and Spain,and vigorously developing human organ donation and procurement is the foundation for the vigorous development of human organ donation and transplantation.Among them,the"U.S.model"consists of the United Network for Organ Sharing(UNOS),human Organ Procurement Organizations(OPO)and transplantation hospitals,which are closely connected and together constitute the U.S.donation and transplantation system.Its core features include that UNOS manages the only U.S.organ procurement and transplantation network,formulates and revises allocation policies,and OPO is independent of transplantation hospitals,and UNOS provides tools,resources and expertise to help OPO improve the quality of their services.The core features of the"Spanish model"are its three-tiered management structure,close relationship with the media,specialized coordinators in the hospitals,and an intensive training program tailored to all personnel.Learning from the U.S.and Spain′s human organ donation and transplantation management models and applying them to China′s organ donation according to local conditions,we can further improve the system and form a"China model"that is favorable to China′s organ donation and transplantation.