天津市15岁及以上现在每日吸烟者戒烟意愿及影响因素分析

Quit smoking willingness and influencing factors among current daily smokers(≥15 years old)in Tianjin

目的了解天津市15岁及以上现在每日吸烟者戒烟意愿现况及影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法于2020年8月至2021年1月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取天津市16个区48个街道(乡镇)96个居委会(村)的9252名15岁及以上居民。采用《2020年中国成人烟草调查问卷》调查其基本情况、开始每日吸烟年龄、尼古丁依赖、戒烟意愿、媒体宣传和烟草危害认知等内容。将其中1996名现在每日吸烟者的数据纳入分析。用SPSS 25.0软件的复杂抽样分析程序进行χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果加权后,天津市15岁及以上现在每日吸烟者中有戒烟意愿的比例为30.80%(95%CI:27.81%~33.95%);现在每日吸烟者开始每日吸烟的平均年龄为(20.4±0.2)岁;尼古丁依赖评分平均值为(2.97±0.08)分,以轻度尼古丁依赖为主(61.16%),中度尼古丁依赖次之(34.74%),重度尼古丁依赖最少(4.10%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高年龄(与15~24岁组相比,45~64岁和≥65岁组的OR值分别为0.308、0.261)、开始每日吸烟年龄≤20岁(OR=0.704)的现在每日吸烟者戒烟意愿较低;过去12个月内尝试过戒烟(OR=5.050)和曾尝试过戒烟但过去12个月内未尝试(OR=2.447)、医务人员建议戒烟(OR=1.630)、过去30 d内看过控烟信息(OR=1.489)的现在每日吸烟者戒烟意愿较高,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论天津市15岁及以上现在每日吸烟者中有戒烟意愿的比例较低。建议对中老年、既往尝试过戒烟者等重点人群提供有针对性的干预措施,并不断提升戒烟服务和控烟宣传的可及性。

Objective To understand the current situation on quit smoking willingness and influencing factors among current daily smokers(≥15 years old)in Tianjin,and provide the basis for developing intervention measures.Methods From August 2020 to January 2021,the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 9252 residents(≥15 years old)from 96 neighborhood committees or villages in 48 streets or towns of 16 districts in Tianjin as the subjects.The investigation was performed with"The 2020 Chinese Adult Tobacco Survey Questionnaire"for basic condition,age of daily smoking,nicotine dependence,quit smoking willingness,media publicity and tobacco harm cognition.The data of 1996 daily smokers were included for analysis.The complex sampling analysis program of SPSS 25.0 software was used.Theχ^(2) test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results After weighting,the proportion of daily smokers(≥15 years old)with quit smoking willingness in Tianjin was 30.80%(95%CI:27.81%-33.95%);the mean starting age of daily smokers was(20.4±0.2)years old;the mean value of nicotine dependence score was(2.97±0.08)points,the proportion of mild nicotine dependence was 61.16%,the proportion of moderate nicotine dependence was 34.74%,the proportion of severe nicotine dependence was 4.10%.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the quit smoking willingness in daily smokers with high age(compared with 15-24 years old group,OR values of 45-64 years old group and≥65 years old group were 0.308 and 0.261),and the starting age of daily smoking≤20 years old(OR=0.704)was lower;the quit smoking willingness in daily smokers with tried smoking cessation in 12 months(OR=5.050),tried smoking cessation but not in 12 months(OR=2.447),medical staff recommended smoking cessation(OR=1.630),and watching tobacco control information in 30 days(OR=1.489)was higher(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The proportion of current daily smokers(≥15 years old)with quit smoking willingness in Tianjin is lower.It is suggested that the targeted intervention measures are provided for the middle aged and elderly people and daily smokers with tried smoking cessation;and the accessibility of smoking cessation service or tobacco control propaganda should be promoted.