3个地区可口革囊星虫营养成分及重金属含量的分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of nutrient composition and heavy metal content of Phascolosama esulenta in three regions

通过对广西北海、广东湛江和福建宁德3个地区可口革囊星虫的脂肪酸、水解氨基酸、游离氨基酸和重金属含量等进行测定,了解可口革囊星虫的肌肉品质、呈味特征并进行食用健康风险评价。在脂肪酸组成方面,在3个地区的可口革囊星虫中均检测出22种脂肪酸,其高胆固醇血症指数(hypercholesterolemia index,HI)分别为北海13.11、湛江14.09、宁德16.64;致动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index,AI)分别为0.49、0.49、0.56;致血栓形成指数(thrombosis index,TI)分别为0.62、0.75、0.81。在水解氨基酸组成方面,在3个地区的可口革囊星虫中均含有17种水解氨基酸,总氨基酸含量(total amino acids,TAA)分别为北海159.70mg·g^(−1)、湛江155.97mg·g^(−1)、宁德161.49mg·g^(−1),且无显著性差异;根据联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/Word Health Organization,FAO/WHO)评分模式,以氨基酸评分(amino acid score,AAS)和化学评分(chemical score,CS)为标准时,3个地区的可口革囊星虫的第一、第二限制性氨基酸均分别为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸、缬氨酸;另外,必需氨基酸指数(essential amino acid index,EAAI)分别为11.14、10.62、11.37,说明3个地区可口革囊星虫均可作为理想的蛋白源。在游离氨基酸组成方面,北海可口革囊星虫含15种游离氨基酸,湛江和宁德可口革囊星虫均含16种游离氨基酸,游离氨基酸总含量差异显著(p<0.05);根据味道强度值(taste activity value,TAV)分析得知,3个地区游离氨基酸中谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸的TAV值均大于1,说明这3种氨基酸对呈味贡献最大。在重金属含量方面,北海、湛江的可口革囊星虫体内各重金属元素含量大体呈现出Zn>Pb>Cu>As>Cd>Hg的规律,而宁德地区的重金属含量规律为Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cd>Hg,3个地区的可口革囊星虫都受到重金属Pb的重度污染,其中宁德地区的最为严重;综合污染指数(P)表明,北海地区的可口革囊星虫的重金属污染接近轻度污染的警戒水平,综合污染指数为0.96;宁德和湛江两地的可口革囊星虫受到重金属的轻度污染,综合污染指数1<P<2;3个地区可口革囊星虫的单一重金属危害系数(target hazard quotient,THQ)及复合重金属危害系数(compound target hazard quotient,TTHQ)均小于1,说明成人和儿童食用这些可口革囊星虫不存在健康风险。

To evaluate the nutritional value,taste activity and health risk,the content of fatty acid,hydrolyzed amino acid,free amino acid and heavy metal in Phascolosama esulenta from Beihai of Guangxi,Zhanjiang of Guangdong,and Ningde of Fujian were analyzed.Twenty-two types of fatty acids were detected in these three regions.The hypercholesterolemia index HI was 13.11 in Beihai,14.09 in Zhanjiang,16.64 in Ningde,the atherogenic index AI was 0.49,0.49,0.56,and the thrombosis index TI was 0.62,0.75,0.81,respectively.There were 17 hydrolyzed amino acids in each of the three regions,with a total amino acids(TAA)of 159.70 mg·g^(-1),155.97 mg·g^(-1),and 161.49 mg·g^(-1),respectively,and there was no significant difference.According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/Word Health Organization(FAO/WHO),when using the amino acid score(AAS)and chemical score(CA)as standards,the first and second limiting amino acids of the three regions of the P.esulenta are Met+Cys,and Val,respectively.In addition,the essential amino acid indexes(EAAI)were 11.14,10.62 and 11.37,respectively,indicating that the three regions of the P.esulenta can all serve as ideal protein sources.The results of free amino acids showed that the P.esulenta of Beihai contained 15 kinds of free amino acids,while Zhanjiang and Ningde both contained 16 free amino acids,with a significant difference in total free amino acid content(p<0.05).It was found that the taste activity values(TAV)of Glu,Gly and Ala in the free amino acids of the three regions were all greater than 1,indicating that these three amino acids contribute the most to flavor formation.Additionally,the heavy metal content analysis indicated that the heavy metal level in Beihai and Zhanjiang was Zn>Pb>Cu>As>Cd>Hg,while the content of heavy metals in Ningde was Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cd>Hg.The single pollution index showed that the three geographic groups were all heavily polluted by the heavy metal Pb,of which Ningde was the most serious.The comprehensive pollution index showed that the heavy metal pollution of P.esculeata in the Beihai reached the threshold for slight pollution(P=0.96),Zhanjiang and Ningde were moderately polluted(1<P<2).The single target hazard quotient(THQ)and the compound target hazard quotient(TTHQ)were all less than 1,indicating that there was no potential health risk for adults and children for the consumption of this species.The results provide a theoretical basis for the utilization and subsequent industrial precision processing of P.esculeata.