《上帝救助孩子》中的异托邦书写

Heterotopia Writing in God Help the Child

当代美国非裔女作家托尼·莫里森在其收官之作《上帝救助孩子》中,运用空间叙事策略深刻描摹了众多童年创伤受害者在异质空间的他者生存状态。小说借助危机、偏离和幻觉三种不同类型的福柯式异托邦,逐一表征了美国社会现存的主要隐患,反抗了权力机制的规训并颠覆了主流空间人为建构的诸多二元对立。伴随小说“罪”“赎”“爱”主题的层层展开与递进,主人公布莱德在空间的流动中体认着主体身份的虚构、解构与重构,提供给身处边缘的受创群体从他者嬗变为主体的具体路径,展现出莫里森对新世纪非裔女性未来命运的乐观预言。

Contemporary African-American female writer Toni Morrison,in her final novel God Help the Child,applies the spatial narrative strategy to profoundly depict the marginal situation of many victims of childhood trauma in heterogeneous space.With the help of three different types of Foucauldian heterotopias,namely crisis,deviation and illusion,the novel systematically characterizes the main hidden dangers in American society,resists the discipline of power mechanisms,and subverts a series of artificially constructed binary oppositions in mainstream space.Accompanied by the unfolding and progression of the themes of sin,salvation and love,the protagonist Bride experiences the fictionalization,deconstruction and reconstruction of her subject identity in the process of moving through space,providing a specific path for the traumatized on the margins to transform from the other into the subject,and demonstrating Morrison's optimistic prophecy about the future of African-American women in the new century.