正当防卫限度条件的内涵解读及判断路径

The Connotation Interpretation and Judgment Path of Limit Condition of Self-defense

我国《刑法》以及司法解释对于正当防卫限度条件的规定明确,但缺乏可操作性。“明显超过”指将不法侵害和防卫行为判处的刑期进行对比,中间跨过一个刑期档次即防卫行为过当;“必要限度”的解读即以必需说为理论基础并对其进行修正解释;而“重大损害”是将不法侵害可能造成的损害与防卫人实际造成的损害进行对比,以《刑法》规定的人体损伤标准为基准,二者对比结果跨越一个大档次即属于造成“重大损害”。对于是否超出防卫限度的判断总体上应坚持从行为→结果的层级式判断方法。

There exists clear provisions on the limits and conditions of self-defense in China's Criminal Law and judicial interpretations,but lacking operability."Obviously exceeding"refers to the comparison of the sentence imposed for the unlawful intrusion and the act of self-defence,with the defence being inappropriate if it exceeds a sentence level;the interpretation of"necessary limit"is based on the theory of necessity and its revised interpretation;the interpretation of"necessary limit"is based on the theory of necessity and revised to explain it,while"significant damage"refers to compare the damage that may be caused by the unlawful infringement with the actual damage caused by the defender.Based on the standard of human injury stipulated in the Criminal Law,and the result of the comparison between the two are classfied as causing"significant damage"if they exceed a large grade.The judgment of whether the self-defense exceeds the limits should generally adhere to a hierarchical judgement approach from behavior to result.