英格兰银行业的早期现代化

The Early Modernization of English Banking

16世纪中期到17世纪,英格兰银行业从商人、誊写人、金匠等行业中孕育而生。英格兰银行业的起源虽晚于欧洲大陆,但它却通过赋予汇票新功能和在储蓄基础上发行纸面信用票据而成为后起之秀。通过金融网络,银行家把金融创新工具运用于各类投资。利用这些创新和国家主权的支持,英格兰银行将国债货币化,提供了大规模的通货供给。在货币缺乏的时代,英格兰的早期银行业由此具备了货币创造的功能,使货币体系相对较好地适应经济变化的需要。英格兰的银行业凭借通货上创新和创造,超越了欧洲同业,并率先开始了现代化。

From the mid-16th to the 17th century,English bankers emerged from the trades such as merchants,scriveners,goldsmiths and others.Although the origins of English banking lagged far behind those of the European continent,it began to be an up-and-coming trade by endowing bills of exchange with new functions and issuing credit papers based on customers’deposits.Through financial network,the bankers utilized these innovative instruments in their investment activities.With the support of these innovations and parliamentary authority,the Bank of England monetized the government debit and provided a large scale of currency supply.During periods of currency scarcity,the early banking of England thus evolved the function of money creation,allowing the monetary system relatively well to adapt to economic changes.English banking,by virtue of these innovations and creations in currency,surpassed its European peers and took the lead in modernization.