马克思关于工人阶级的劳动解放思想探赜

Exploration of Marx's Thought on Labor Liberation of the Working Class

马克思认为,国民经济学家信奉的“劳动创造财富”圭臬无法开解“工人劳动带来贫困”的悖论。通过政治经济学批判,马克思纠正了国民经济学家对劳动的抽象表达,揭示了资本对劳动的宰制,说明了劳动力商品化的过程以及工人劳动受贬损的必然,并指明了工人阶级的劳动解放进路。马克思指出:雇佣劳动是“低级的”和“暂时的”形式,注定会被更高社会形态的自由联合劳动取代;劳动战胜资本的根本路径是,工人阶级要以革命的政治行动废除雇佣劳动制度;劳动解放的最终目标是建立“联合起来的、社会的个人的所有制”,消除劳动的阶级属性,使劳动回归人的自主活动。

Marx believed that the principle that"labor creates wealth"advocated by national economists could not dispel the paradox that"workers'labor brings poverty".Through the critique of political economy,Marx corrected the abstract expression of national economists about labor,revealed the domination of capital over labor,explained the commodification process of labor and the inevitability of workers'labor being devalued,and pointed out the path to labor liberation for the working class.Marx pointed out that wage labor is a"low-level"and"temporary"form and it is destined to be replaced by higher forms of free association labor in society.The fundamental path for labor to overcome capital lies in that the working class must abolish the wage labor system through revolutionary political action.The ultimate goal of labor liberation is to establish a"united,social individual ownership",eliminate the class attribute of labor,and return labor to human autonomous activities.