韩非子的现实主义国际关系理论

Han Fei Zi's Realist Theory of International Relations

韩非子关于国与国关系的理论,可谓国际关系理论的先驱,并且由于战国与近现代欧洲有类似之处,这一理论仍然有其现代意义。通过对纵横之术的批驳,韩非子否认外交对国家安全的重要性,并提出了以国家实力为基础的国际和平理论,与当代现实主义理论相呼应。与同为法家的商鞅不同,韩非子尤其注重国家安全,特别是小国的自保。他的这些讨论,与《理想国》和《孟子》提出的小国自保的理论,形成了有趣的对比。在比较的基础上,本文尝试提出一个结合现实主义与道德考量的综合策略与国家安全理论,这种综合也是儒法互补与中西融合的一个尝试。

Han Fei Zi's theory of state-to-state relations can be taken as a forerunner of international relations(IR)theories.Given the similarities between the warring states in ancient China and those in modern Europe,this theory may still be relevant today.Through his attacks on the zong-heng strategies(纵横,maneuvering strategies applied to form alliances and sow dissensions among warring states),Han Fei Zi denied the role of diplomacy to national security,and proposed a theory of international peace that is based on the strength of a state.His theory resonates with the contemporary realistic IR theories.Unlike Shang Yang,also an important Legalist,Han Fei Zi paid much attention to national security,and to the self-defense of small states in particular.His discussions offer a meaningful contrast with the discussions of this issue in The Republic and Mencius.On the basis of this contrastive study,attempted is a theory of national security,which indeed is a mixture of Confucianism with Legalism,and China with the West.