面向线束预装配的多约束线束布局方法研究

Research on multi-constrained harness layout algorithm for harness pre-assembly

线束由一组线束段按树状结构连接而成,是飞机汽车等产品中连接各电气设备的接线部件。为提高安装效率,复杂线束需要在线束工装板图上进行预安装,即根据角度、距离、交叉、边界等工艺约束在工装板上摆放线束,是一个多约束下的线束布局问题。通过借鉴图布局算法,将线束布局转换为优化问题,并采用随机梯度下降法SGD每次随机挑选一对线束段进行优化,逐步迭代收敛。因为线束段是长度不变的刚体,所以移动一根线束段时会带动相连的其他线束段,进而导致SGD迭代过程出现震荡,难以收敛。通过提出双向传递的线束段移动算法,在保证线束段能移动到目标位置的同时尽量少相连线束段的变动。使用合成线束案例和某真实飞机线束案例进行有效性验证,结果表明各工艺约束能均能得到满足,符合线束预装配的生产要求。

The harness is composed of a group of harness segments connected in a tree structure.It is a wiring component connecting electrical equipment in aircraft,automobile,and other products.To improve assembly efficiency,complex wiring harnesses need to be pre-assembled on an assembly board.This involves placing the wiring harnesses on the assembly board in a way that meets process constraints such as angle,distance,intersection,and boundary.This presents a multi-constrained harness layout problem.The paper drew upon a graph layout method,transformed the wiring harness layout into an optimization problem,and employed SGD to optimize a randomly selected pair of harness segments each time,gradually iterating and converging.Due to harness segments being rigid bodies with constant length,moving one segment could affect other segments,leading to oscillations in the SGD iteration process and making convergence difficult.Therefore,a bidirectional transmission segment movement algorithm was proposed to minimize the impact on other segments while ensuring that the segment moved to the target position.Both synthetic cases and a real case of an aircraft wiring harness were used for effectiveness verification,and the results showed that various process constraints could be met,and production requirements for wire harness pre-assembly could be satisfied.