美国的中国古典禅诗译者研究--以萨姆·汉米尔与赤松为例

An Examination of American Translators of Classical Chinese Zen Poetry:A Focus on Sam Hamill and Red Pine

20世纪中后期,美国诗歌界对中国古典诗歌,尤其是具有禅宗哲学内涵的诗歌表现出普遍兴趣,这进而带动了禅宗诗歌在美国的译介。本文以美国译者萨姆·汉米尔(Sam Hamill,1943-2018)与赤松(Red Pine,1943-)为例,试图从社会翻译学视角出发,解读禅诗译者的翻译行为。研究认为,禅诗译者群体的产生可归因于宗教、文学场域等外在社会客观环境在译者初始惯习中的内化,故而禅诗译者间具有相似的文化特性;但与此同时,译者个体各自的生活轨迹又导致了其译介行为的独特性。正是由于相似性与差异性的并存,该群体通过其译介行为建构了英译禅诗的传统,并丰富了其内涵。

During the mid to late 2oth century,there was a surge of interest among the US poets towards Chinese classical poetry,particularly those embodying Zen philosophical themes.This led to an increased translation and promotion of Zen poetry in the US.This study focuses on American translators Sam Hamill(1943-2018)and Red Pine(1943-),seeking to explore the translation behaviors of Zen poetry translators through a sociotranslational lens.The research suggests that the emergence of this group of Zen poetry translators can be attributed to the translators'natural inclination towards religious and literary fields,which leads them to an internalization of these outward social contexts,resulting in shared cultural attributes.Concurrently,each translator's unique social trajectory plays a significant role in shaping their individual translation practices.It is this interplay of similarities and variances that has allowed this group to establish and enhance the tradition of translating Zen poetry into English,thus promoting its progression.