汽车-动力两轮车碰撞前驾驶员风险感知研究

Research on Drivers′Hazard Perception Before Vehicle-to-Powered Two-Wheeler Crashes

人机共驾阶段人类驾驶员对驾驶环境保持较高的风险感知水平是保证及时有效、稳定安全接管的核心。本研究通过开展风险感知模拟驾驶试验,获取了驾驶员在典型汽车-动力两轮车碰撞场景下的驾驶行为及脑电响应数据。从驾驶行为层面以制动TTC(time to collision)和平均加速度为评价指标,利用分位数回归构建了驾驶员风险感知量化模型,通过独立样本检验发现驾驶经验、碰撞场景类型对驾驶员风险感知存在显著影响。在脑电响应层面,通过双独立样本检验及FDR校正发现Alpha频段与驾驶员风险感知显著相关。此外,提出了驾驶员风险感知神经机理,包括视觉感知与认知加工两个阶段。研究结果有助于提升人机共驾汽车的安全性。

In the human-machine co-driving stage,the drivers′hazard perception of driving environment at a high level is the core to ensure timely,effective,stable,safe takeover.In this study,the driving behaviors and electroencephalogram(EEG)responses of drivers in typical vehicle-to-powered two-wheeler crash scenarios are obtained by conducting the hazard perception simulation driving tests.From the perspective of driving behaviors,a quantitative model of drivers′hazard perception is built through quantile regression with the braking TTC(Time to Collision)and average acceleration as evaluation indexes.Through independent sample test,it is found that the driving experience and collision scenario types have a significant impact on drivers′hazard perception.From the perspective of EEG responses,it is found that the Alpha band is significantly correlated with hazard perception ability through double independent sample test and FDR correction.Furthermore,the drivers′hazard perception neural mechanism is proposed,including two stages of visual perception and cognitive processing.The research results contribute to improving the safety of human-machine co-driving vehicles.