京郊山区果园高效灌溉技术研究与应用

Research and Practice of High-efficiency Irrigation Technology for Orchards in Mountainous Areas of Beijing Suburb

北京地区有大量的山区果园,分布在京郊西南部、北部与东北部,与平原区果园相比,山区果园的地形一般较为复杂,地形存在落差,存在大量的坡地且坡度较大,果园灌溉的供水条件较差等特征。文章结合切身的技术服务工作,以房山区佛子庄乡东班各庄村北山坡苹果园为对象,通过采集果园地理信息数据,现场踏勘,工程测绘,结合果树生长状况及实际管理措施等,从果园高效节水灌溉技术适宜性选配出发,应对山坡地形变化引起压力不均匀变异进行压力补偿,面向复杂地形地质条件,开展水肥药一体化灌溉系统集成,是山坡高效灌溉技术推广的关键。

There are a large number of mountain orchards in Beijing,which are distributed in the southwest,north and northeast of the suburbs of Beijing.Compared with plain orchards,the terrain of mountain orchards is generally more complex,with a difference in terrain,a large number of sloping land with large slope,and poor water supply conditions for orchard irrigation.Taking the apple orchard on the north slope of Dongbangezhuang Village,Fuzizhuang Township,Fangshan District as the object,this paper,based on the personal technical service work,collected the geographical information data of the orchard,conducted site survey,engineering surveying and mapping,combined with the growth status of the fruit trees and practical management measures,and started from the suitability selection of efficient water-saving irrigation technology for the orchard,to compensate for the uneven variation of pressure caused by the change of hillside topography.Facing the complex terrain and geological conditions,the integration of water,fertilizer and medicine integrated irrigation system is the key to the promotion of efficient irrigation technology on hillsides.