堤防管涌启动与发展机理研究进展

Research Progress on Initiation and Development Mechanism of Embankment Piping

管涌是造成堤防溃决的主要原因之一,研究管涌启动与发展机理对堤防工程的除险加固和水灾预防有着深远意义。通过回顾国内外堤防管涌的相关研究,从几何和水力2个方面概括了管涌的启动条件,论述了土体颗粒级配、土层结构、密实度、渗径、防渗墙、水头变化、水流流态、渗流方向等因素对堤防管涌的影响规律,总结了描述管涌发生发展过程的毛管模型、渗流-管流耦合模型、渗流概化模型、三相耦合模型、瞬态管涌模型、局部侵蚀模型、固液耦合模型。在现阶段研究基础上,讨论了管涌数学模型的局限性,揭示了管涌影响因素研究的不足,并对管涌启动与发展机理未来的科研工作提出了展望。

Piping is one of the main causes of embankment failure,and studying the initiation and development mechanism of piping has profound significance for the reinforcement and the prevention of water disasters in embankment engineering.By reviewing the relevant research on embankment piping in China and abroad,the initiation conditions of piping are summarized from both geometric and hydraulic aspects.The influence of factors such as soil particle size distribution,soil layer structure,compactness,seepage diameter,anti-seepage wall,water head change,water flow pattern,and seepage direction on embankment piping is discussed.The capillary model,seepage-pipe flow coupling model,seepage generalized model,three-phase coupling model,transient piping model,local erosion model,and solid-liquid coupling model that describe the occurrence and development process of piping are summarized.Based on current research,the limitations of mathematical models of piping are discussed,and the shortcomings of research on the influencing factors of piping are revealed.Moreover,prospects for future research work on the initiation and development mechanism of piping are proposed.