蒙古高原草原之路沿线地区绿色发展评价

Research on green development evaluation of regions along the Mongolian Plateau Grassland Road

蒙古高原草原之路是国际重要交通运输通道与旅游线路,其沿线地区的绿色发展可以为绿色“一带一路”建设及中蒙绿色发展合作提供有益借鉴。基于绿色发展理论,本研究构建包括生态环境质量、绿色经济、资源节约利用、生态社会发展和绿色城市建设5个子系统的绿色发展水平评价指标体系,运用综合评价模型对蒙古高原草原之路沿线地区10个盟市(省)的2010—2019年期间绿色发展水平进行量化评价。结果表明:(1)研究期末,区域绿色发展水平呈“南北高、中间低”的空间特征,南部的中国内蒙古自治区4个盟市和北部蒙古国色楞格省、乌兰巴托市绿色发展水平较高,中部中蒙接壤的蒙古国东戈壁省、戈壁苏木贝尔省、中央省及达尔汗乌勒省较低。(2)中国内蒙古自治区4盟市和蒙古国首都乌兰巴托市绿色发展水平呈逐年上升趋势,蒙古国戈壁苏木贝尔省近年来有所下降,蒙古国其他4省呈极缓上升状态。(3)按绿色发展水平将评价单元大致划分为领先型、追赶型和缓慢型3类,造成类型差异的主要原因为资源环境条件、对外开放程度与政策体系等。据此建议结合不同类型区明确发展重点,大力推动绿色旅游,优化城镇体系布局,全面深化国际合作,共同推动区域绿色发展进程。

The Mongolian Plateau Grassland Road is an important international transportation channel and tourist route.The green development of the areas along the road can provide useful reference for the green Belt and Road construction and China-Mongolia green development cooperation.Based on the theory of green development,this article constructs an evaluation index system for green development level,which includes five subsystems:ecological environment quality,green economy,resource conservation and utilization,ecological and social development,and green city construction.A comprehensive evaluation model is used to quantitatively evaluate the green development level of 10 areas along the Mongolian Plateau Grassland Road from 2010 to 2019.The results show that(1)At the end of the research period,the regional green development level presented a spatial characteristic of“high in the north and south,low in the middle”.The green development level of four cities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China in the south and Selenge Province and Ulaanbaatar City in Mongolia in the north was relatively high,while the green development level of eastern Gobi Province,Gobi Sumbeier Province,Central Province,and Darhanool Province in Mongolia,which borders China and Mongolia in the central region,was relatively low.(2)The level of green development in four cities in Inner Mongolia of China and the capital city of Mongolia,Ulaanbaatar,has been increasing year by year.Gobi Sumbeir Province in Mongolia has seen a decline in recent years,while the other four regions in Mongolia have shown a very slow upward trend.(3)According to the evaluation results of green development level in the years 2010-2019,the evaluation units are roughly divided into three categories:leading type,catching-up type and slow development type.The main causes of the differences involve resource and environmental conditions,degree of opening up and policy system,etc.Based on this,it is suggested to clarify the development priorities in different types of areas,vigorously promote green tourism,optimize the layout of urban systems,comprehensively deepen international cooperation,and jointly promote the process of regional green development.