从功能对等视角看英语被动语态的翻译策略

Translation Strategies of English Passive Voice from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence

英语中被动语态的使用十分普遍,尤其以科技英语为主。在多数情况下,为了让文本更为客观、正式、委婉,英语中的被动语态避免给人主观臆测或个人判断的感觉。汉语中被动语态并不常见,因为汉语的被动语态往往带有负面含义,对动作承受者来说,大多是不希望发生的事情。因此,译者在处理被动语态的翻译时,不可拘泥于原文,要在理解的基础上,灵活运用翻译策略。文章从功能对等的角度,通过实例分析英语被动语态的翻译策略,选取适合的方法进行翻译,以产出忠实、通顺的译文,实现功能对等。

The use of passive voice is very common in English,especially in scientific English.In most cases,in order to make the text more objective,formal and euphemistic,passive voice in English avoids giving the impression of subjective speculation or personal judgment.Passive voice in Chinese is not common,because passive voice in Chinese often has a negative meaning,which are mostly un-wanted things to the recipients of actions.Therefore,when dealing with passive voice translation,translators should not stick to the original text,but should use translation strategies flexibly on the basis of understanding.From the perspective of functional equivalence,this paper analyzes the translation strategies of English passive voice through examples,and selects suitable methods for translation,so as to produce faithful and smooth translations and achieve functional equivalence.