构建国内统一大市场:对重商主义经济理论与实践的历史审视

Building a Unified Domestic Market:A Historical Review of the Theory and Practice of Mercantilist Economy

从经济思想史视角来看,构建国内统一大市场,有其悠久的经济思想渊源。早在重商主义经济学中,就已经深刻蕴含着构建国内统一大市场的思想雏形。本文从重商主义原始文献、经典著作和新近研究成果中,深入挖掘重商主义者关于构建国内统一大市场的理论与实践的史料,从而以史为鉴。高效规范的市场体系依赖于贸易畅通、公共基础设施建设、降低税负和统一化标准化带来的交易成本降低。重商主义者审时度势地理解和应用公平竞争,根据实际需要不断调整公平竞争的具体指向。充分开放只是打造高端制造业的必要条件,而非充分条件。要在技术引进中培育高端制造业,在对外贸易中锤炼高端制造业,在充分开放的自由贸易中雄踞高端制造业。

From the perspective of the history of economic thought,the construction of a unified domestic market has a long history of economic thought.As early as in Mercantilist Economics,it has deeply contained the ideological prototype of building a unified domestic Market.This paper will deeply excavate the historical materials of Mercantilists'theories and practice on building a domestic unified market from the original docu-ments,classic works and recent research results of mercantilism,so as to provide suggestions for the party and the country to actively build a scientific and efficient domestic unified market.Mercantilists are deeply aware that the construction of a unified domestic market is inseparable from an efficient and standardized market sys-tem,a fair competition market environment and the leading role of high-end manufacturing.An efficient and standardized market system depends on elements such as unimpeded trade,public infrastructure construction,tax burden reduction and transaction cost reduction brought about by unification and standardization.Mercan-tilists understand and apply fair competition according to the situation,and constantly adjust the specific direc-tion of fair competition according to actual needs.Full openness is only a necessary condition for creating high-end manufacturing,not a sufficient condition.We should cultivate high-end manufacturing in technology intro-duction,temper high-end manufacturing in foreign trade,and dominate high-end manufacturing in fully open free trade.