森林公园旅游公共服务供给的影响因素组态及路径识别

The Configurations of Influencing Factors and Paths Identification of Tourism Public Service Supply of Forest Parks

采用模糊集定性比较分析法探究中国森林公园旅游公共服务供给水平的影响因素,以及各影响因素作用路径的组态结构。研究表明:市场需求构成森林公园高旅游公共服务供给水平的必要条件;中国森林公园存在引致高旅游公共服务供给水平的3种路径,即由资源禀赋、市场需求构成的“需求-资源驱动型”,由市场需求、经济底蕴和产业基础构成的“需求-经济支持型”以及由资源禀赋、市场需求、经济底蕴和政治压力构成的“平衡驱动型”;资源禀赋是森林公园旅游开发的重要基础,市场需求在决定旅游发展潜力方面发挥决定性作用;在中西部地区,无视地方资源禀赋和经济发展水平盲目开发森林旅游和进行服务建设不仅耗资巨大,更需承担由此带来的巨大开发风险。

⑴Background——Tourism public service is an important part of tourism service quality system,which plays an important role in ensuring the smooth progress of tourism activities and promoting the high-quality development of tourism.The rapid development of forest parks in China has greatly met the needs of tourism market development,but the spatial distribution of tourism public services has shown an imbalanced trend.How to reduce the imbalance of tourism public service development of forest parks between regions and effectively improve the quality of tourism public service of forest parks has become a hot topic of concern in industry and academia.⑵Methods——In this paper,the tourism public service level of forest parks was selected as the outcome variable,and the resource endowment,market demand,economic background,political pressure and industrial foundation were selected as the condition variables that influenced the tourism public service of forest parks.Based on the statistical data of 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions),this paper used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)to identify the influencing factors of tourism public service of forest parks in China and analyze the influencing paths of different configurations.⑶Results——First,the tourism public service supply level of forest parks in China s 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)is significantly different,with an average value of 0.286 and a complete membership point of 0.383.Among them,8 provinces have achieved a high level of tourism public service supply of forest parks,7 provinces is at a low level,and 16 provinces is between the two.Second,market demand is a necessary condition for improving the tourism public service level of forest parks.Third,the configuration of high-level tourism public services can be divided into three types,namely“demand-resource support type”composed of resource endowment and market demand,“demand-economic support type”composed of market demand,economic background and industrial foundation,and“balance-driven type”composed of resource endowment,market demand,economic background and political pressure.Fourth,the condition variable of the configuration of high public service supply level has obvious substitution effect.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——First,market demand is a necessary condition for the high supply level of tourism public service of forest parks.Second,there are three paths that lead to a high level of tourism public service supply,but resource endowment is still an important basis for the tourism development of modern forest parks,and market demand still plays a decisive role in determining tourism development potential.Third,each region should accurately understand the shortcomings of the supply level of tourism public services of forest parks,improve the weak links in a targeted way,and develop supporting services in line with the tourism reception capacity of each region,so as to avoid seeking perfection.Fourth,industrial foundation,political pressure,resource endowment and economic background which affect the supply level of tourism public service of forest parks have substitution relations.Regions with weak economic background but prominent forest resource endowment should correctly understand the development law of tourism market,and should not blindly provide supporting services regardless of industrial foundation and market demand.