某电子企业职业人群有机物暴露健康风险评估

Health Risk Assessment of Organic Compounds for Occupational Population in Electronic Industry

随着电子行业从业人群在新发职业病例中占比的增加,其健康问题及潜在健康风险已经引起广泛关注.本文基于深圳市某电子企业各工位有机污染物的监测结果,采用半定量和定量健康风险评估的方法,就其健康风险水平进行评价和探讨,结果表明:①调查企业各工位所检测的有机物浓度均低于其相应的职业接触限值,但乙醛、三氯乙烯、二甲苯等污染物的非致癌风险危害商均大于1,仍会产生较高的潜在非致癌健康风险.②健康风险评价结果表明,喷码、丝印、封装和浸锡等工位污染物的危害指数在2.52~129.14之间,导致其从业人员健康风险水平较高.③受到污染物浓度和危害等级的影响,半定量风险评估与定量风险评估结果之间存在差异.④不同评估方法具有其自身的优势和局限性,采用单一的评估方法会造成评估结果的偏差.研究显示:电子企业部分有机污染物低浓度可带来一定的潜在健康风险,应加强有效防护措施;同时,应结合多种评估方法开展健康风险评估,以获得更加全面和客观的评估结果,为实施高效的环境健康管理提供参考.

The proportion of new cases of occupational diseases among employees in the electronics industry continues to rise,and the health issues and potential health risks in this population have attracted widespread attention.This study is based on the monitoring of organic pollutants at various workstations of an electronics company in Shenzhen.Both semi-quantitative and quantitative health risk assessment methods were employed to assess health risk levels.The results show that:(1)The concentrations of organic compounds detected at each workstation of the surveyed enterprise were below the corresponding occupational exposure limits.However,the hazard quotients for pollutants such as formaldehyde,trichloroethylene,and xylene exceed 1;therefore,these compounds pose a relatively high potential non-carcinogenic health risk.(2)The health risk assessment results showed that workers at inkjet printing,screen printing,packaging,and tinning workstations face elevated health risk levels with the risk hazard indexes ranging from 2.52 to 129.14.(3)Due to variations in pollutant concentrations and hazard levels,there were differences in the results of semi-quantitative risk assessment and quantitative health assessment.(4)Different assessment methods have unique advantages and limitations.The use of a single assessment method may bias in the results.This study shows that even low concentrations of organic substances in electronics companies can pose certain health risks.This emphasizes the need to strengthen effective protection measures.Additionally,multiple assessment methods should be employed to obtain more comprehensive and objective results to provide reference for the implementation of efficient environmental health management.