人工智能发展与劳动力就业如何兼顾?——兼谈典型发达国家经验启示

How to Balance Artificial Intelligence Development with Labor Employment?Insights from Typical Developed Countries

人工智能作为新一轮科技革命和产业变革的关键技术,其快速发展带来劳动力就业的多重效应,人机协作下劳动雇佣形态更加灵活多变,劳动技能得到提升并创造新的就业机会,但同时也导致劳动力资源重新配置,带来结构性失业和部分科技性失业。因此,人工智能发展与劳动力就业如何兼顾成为各国关注的焦点。通过分析美国、新加坡等典型发达国家促进人工智能发展的政策举措,总结其统筹人工智能发展与劳动力就业的共性经验,并在此基础上提出我国应从促进人工智能产业发展与技术应用,完善人工智能教育、培训体系,强化对劳动者失业的救济与扶持以及加强人工智能国际合作等途径推动人工智能与高质量就业协同发展。

Artificial intelligence is considered a key technology of technological revolution and rapid industrial transformation,and it has brought multiple effects on labor employment.Under human-machine cooperation,the forms of labor employment become more flexible and diverse,labor skills are improved and new employment opportunities are created.However,it also leads to the reconfiguration of labor resources,resulting in structural unemployment and partial technological unemployment.Therefore,how to balance the development of artificial intelligence with labor employment has become a focus of attention in various countries.By analyzing policy measures from typical developed countries like the United States and Singapore that promote AI development,we summarized their common experiences in coordinating the development of artificial intelligence and labor employment.Based on this,we propose that China should promote the development and technological application of the artificial intelligence industry,improve the education and training system of artificial intelligence,strengthen relief and support for unemployed workers,as well as enhance international cooperation in artificial intelligence to promote the coordinated development of artificial intelligence and high-quality employment.