水土保持碳汇若干关键问题研究

Studies on key issues related to carbon sink of soil and water conservation

水土保持是生态文明建设的重要内容,也是水利行业助力实现“双碳”目标的重要举措。从理论研究和实践探索入手,着重阐述水土保持碳汇内涵与机理、碳汇能力评估与核算、碳中和潜力与碳交易实践、碳汇能力提升路径等问题。水土保持碳汇通过林草、工程和耕作措施实现,具有碳增汇、保土固碳和减蚀减排作用。基于全国尺度碳汇核算,2021年以水利部门为主实施的水土保持措施碳汇量(不包括水土保持林草措施碳汇)为1395万~1699万tC,约占我国陆地生态系统碳汇总量的4%~6%,这一部分尚未纳入国家碳汇核算体系。为提升水土保持碳汇能力和贡献度,应持续开展山水林田湖草沙系统治理,统筹水土保持拦沙减淤、净化过滤、调节反补、开源引流、减排增汇等生态多功能协调,推进水土保持提质增效,并优化生产建设项目水土保持技术,充分挖掘水土保持固碳增汇潜力。

Soil and water conservation plays an important role in building ecological civilization and is a key measure for the water sector to achieve goals of“carbon peak and carbon neutralization”.By means of theoretical studies and practical exploration,the focuses place on elaborating the connotation and mechanism of carbon sink of soil and water conservation,assessment and accounting of carbon sink capacity,carbon neutrality potential,trading and practices of enhancing carbon sink capacity.Carbon sink of soil and water conservation shall be achieved through measures of forestry,engineering,and cultivation,which have the effects of carbon sink,soil conservation,carbon sequestration,erosion control and emission reduction.Based on accounting of national scale carbon sink,the carbon sink of soil and water conservation by water resources department in 2021(excluding carbon sink of forest and grass measures)was from 13.95 million to 16.99 million tons of carbon,accounting for approximately 4%to 6%of the total carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems in China.It’s has not yet been included in the national carbon sink accounting system.In order to enhance the carbon sink capacity and contribution of soil and water conservation,it is necessary to further up mountain,river,forest,field,lake,grassland,and sand conservation system,coordinate the ecological functions of soil and water conservation such as sediment retention and reduction,purification and filtration,regulation and replenishment,tapping new water sources and water diversion,emission reduction and sink enhancement,improve quality and efficiency,boost soil and water conservation technologies in production and construction projects,and fully tap the potential of soil and water conservation for carbon sequestration and sink enhancement.