制造业服务化对企业内部收入的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Manufacturing Servitization on the Internal Income of Enterprises

制造企业涉足服务领域是为了创新商业模式、在市场竞争中抢占先机,但服务化通常难以在短期内带来丰厚的回报,高管和员工的收入也会因服务化战略的实施而发生变化,进而改变企业原有的收入分配结构。探讨服务化对企业高管与职工收入以及群体之间收入差距影响机制的实证结果表明:制造企业的服务化程度与企业高管和职工的收入水平显著负相关,企业职工和高管的收入变化对服务化程度变化的弹性系数分别为-2.3和-1.7。可见,服务化程度的提升会导致两个群体之间收入差距的拉大。其中的传导机制一方面是服务化对企业绩效产生波动,从而影响员工与高管的收入;另一方面是实施服务化战略需要以较高的收入吸引高知型管理人员,进而在一定程度上抑制高管收入的下滑幅度。总体而言,随着企业逐步适应和掌控服务业务领域的信息和资源,服务化对企业员工收入的负向影响会得到扭转。上述结论揭示了我国企业实施战略变革的情境下不同层次人员的收入分配差距问题,丰富了制造业服务化的相关理论。

The manufacturing enterprises set foot in the service field for the purpose of innovating business models and getting a head start in the market competition.However,servitization is often difficult to bring substantial returns to enterprises in a short term,and the income of the executives and employees will change to varying degrees due to the implementation of the service strategy,thus changing the original income distribution structure of enterprises.This paper discusses the influence mechanism of servitization on the income level of executives and employees within enterprises and the income gap between the two groups.The empirical findings show that the degree of servitization of manufacturing enterprises is negatively correlated with the income of executives and employees,and the elastic coefficients of the income changes of employees and executives to the changed degrees of servitization are-2.3 and-1.7,respectively.It can be seen that the improvement of the degree of servitization will lead to the widening of the income gap between the two groups.The transmission mechanism,on the one hand,is that servitization causes fluctuations in enterprise performance,thus affecting the income of employees and executives;on the other hand,the implementation of serserization strategy urges enterprises to attract knowledgeable managers with high income,thus restraining the decline of senior executives'income to a certain extent.In general,the negative impact of servitization on employees'income will be reversed to a certain extent as enterprises gradually adapt to and control the information and resources in the service business field.The above conclusion reveals the issue of income distribution gap of different levels of personnel under the strategic changes of Chinese enterprises,which has enriched the relative theories of manufacturing services.