城市轨道交通列车碰撞动力学参数对爬车行为的影响

Effects of Crash Dynamic Parameters of Urban Rail Transit Train on Climbing Behavior

[目的]为了加强城市轨道交通列车在运行过程中的被动安全性设计能力,需要研究列车碰撞动力学参数对爬车行为的影响。[方法]基于车辆-轨道耦合碰撞动力学模型、Hertz接触理论及刚体非线性连接模型,搭建了列车碰撞三维动力学仿真平台。选取速度、加速度和轮对最大抬升量作为对比参数,采用列车碰撞有限元模型来验证列车碰撞三维动力学模型的精度。基于所建立的仿真平台,选取列车结构中的部分重要参数,研究其对轮对抬升量的影响。筛选出吸能防爬装置,头车和中间车的车钩等的安装点(以下简称“安装点”)至车体质心垂向距离、车体质量、车体质心高度、二系悬挂装置垂向刚度及一系悬挂装置垂向刚度共5个敏感度较强的参数,并对其进行列车碰撞动力学敏感度分析。[结果及结论]通过列车碰撞有限元模型,验证了列车碰撞三维动力学模型的精度满足要求。列车碰撞动力学敏感度分析表明:当参数比率在0.8~1.0范围内变化时,5个敏感性参数的排序依次为二系悬挂装置垂向刚度、车体质量、车体质心高度、安装点至车体质心垂向距离、一系悬挂装置垂向刚度;当参数比率在1.0~1.2范围内变化时,上述参数的排序依次为一系悬挂装置垂向刚度、安装点至车体质心垂向距离、车体质心高度、车体质量及二系悬挂装置垂向刚度。

[Objective]In order to strengthen the passive safety design ability of urban rail transit trains during operation,it is necessary to study the effects of train crash dynamics parameters on climbing behavior.[Method]Based on the vehicle-track coupling crash dynamics model,Hertz contact theory and rigid nonlinear connection model,a three-dimensional train crash dynamics simulation platform is built.Speed,acceleration and maximum wheelset lift are selected as comparison parameters,and the finite element model of train crash is used to verify the precision of the three-dimensional dynamic model of train crash.Based on the established simulation platform,some important parameters of the train structure are selected to study their effects on the wheelset lift.Five relatively more sensitive parameters,including the vertical distance from the installation points of the devices such as energy absorbing anti-climbing device,head car coupler,middle car coupler to the barycenter of the car body,the mass of the car body,the height of the barycenter of the car body,the vertical stiffness of the secondary suspension device and the vertical stiffness of the primary suspension device,are screened out to analyze the sensitivity of the above parameters to the train crash dynamics.[Result&Conclusion]Based on the finite element model of train crash,the precision of the three-dimensional dynamic model of train crash meeting the requirements is verified.The sensitivity analysis shows that when the parameter ratio varies within the range of 0.8~1.0,the five sensitive parameters of sensitivity is in the sequence of the vertical stiffness of the secondary suspension device,the mass of the car body,the height of the barycenter of the car body,the vertical distance from the installation point to the barycenter of the car body,and the vertical stiffness of the primary suspension device.When the parameter ratio varies within the range of 1.0 to 1.2,the above parameters of sensitivity is in the sequence of the vertical stiffness of the primary suspension device,the vertical distance from the installation point to the barycenter of the car body,the height of the barycenter of the car body,the mass of the car body,and the vertical stiffness of the secondary suspension device.