Nd:YAG激光玻璃体消融术治疗飞蚊症研究进展

Research progress in treatment of vitreous floaters with Nd:YAG laser

玻璃体是由水(98%)、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和透明质酸组成的均匀、透明的凝胶状结构。胶原纤维排列成三维网格状结构,附着透明质酸。年轻时,胶原蛋白和透明质酸分布均匀,保持玻璃体的透明性,随着年龄的变化或病理损害,玻璃体的成分会发生变化,胶原蛋白框架逐渐塌陷,玻璃体液化,损害其透明度,发生飞蚊症。目前,飞蚊症治疗的主要方法包括观察随访、掺钕钇铝石榴石(Nd:YAG)激光玻璃体消融术及玻璃体切除手术。本文综述了飞蚊症的病因及Nd:YAG激光玻璃体消融术治疗飞蚊症的优势和局限性。

The vitreous is a homogeneous,transparent gel-like structure composed of water(98%),collagen type II and hyaluronic acid.Collagen fibers are arranged in a three-dimensional grid-like structure to which hyaluronic acid is attached.Hyaluronic acid has moisturizing properties.When young,collagen and hyaluronic acid are evenly distributed to maintain the transparency of the vitreous.With age changes or pathological damage,the composition of the vitreous changes,the collagen framework gradually collapses,the vitreous liquefies,damages its transparency,and floaters occur.The main methods for the treatment of floaters include observation and follow-up,Nd:YAG laser and vitrectomy.This article reviews the etiology of floaters and the advantages and limitations of Nd:YAG laser therapy for floaters.