论所谓“朱子道”之说

On the Saying of“Zhuzi Belongs to Taoism”

潘平格曾有所谓“朱子道”之说,并以此对朱子的理路进行批评。潘平格此说是否合理、有据,要从朱子本人如何看待道家谈起。从朱子文本来看,他确实对道家研究颇多,通过朱子对老子其人、《老子》文本和义理的研究,可以看出朱子最终仍然将儒道两家对立了起来。在道家谱系及义理流变的研究方面,朱子细致地梳理了老子、杨朱、列子与庄子四者之间的思想脉络与思想异同。此外,朱子还研究了道家与道教、儒家和佛教的关系,最终肯定了孔孟之道内圣外王的境界。事实上,朱子对道家与道教所做的研究属于“致知”,其目的仍在于“克己”和“敬”,即“拒盗”和“守门户”。因此,朱子虽然主张“不以人废言”,但终究认为道家“门户”错了。总之,潘平格所谓“朱子道”不合理,也无据。

Pan Pingge once said“Zhuzi belongs to Daoism”to criticize Zhu Xi’s approach.Whether Pan Pingge’s statement is reasonable and well-founded depends on how Zhu Xi views Taoist School.From the perspective of Zhuzi’s text,he did have a lot of research on Taoist School.Through the study of Laozi and his theory,Zhuzi finally opposed Confucianism and Taoism.In the aspect of family tree and the evolution of Taoist School,Zhu Xi meticulously sorted out the ideological context then pointed out similarities and differences among Laozi,Yangzhu,Liezi,and Zhuangzi.In addition,Zhu Xi also studied the relationship between Taoism,Confucianism,and Buddhism,and ultimately affirmed the realm of the Confucian and Mencius way,which is both inner sage and outer king.However,these studies only belong to“cognition”,with the purpose of“self-control”and“respect”,that is,“resisting theft”and“gatekeeper”.Therefore,although he advocated“not reject an opinion because of the person”,he believed that the“gateway”of Taoist School was wrong after all.Therefore,the so-called“Zhuzi belongs to Taoism”is unreasonable and groundless.