基于熵权法的6种树种树皮抗火性研究

Bark Fire Resistance of 6 Tree Species Based on Entropy Weight Method

西昌市森林火灾给当地人民生命财产安全和森林生态带来巨大威胁,为有效提高森林生物防火能力,对西昌市周边山地林区的6种树种树皮的抗火性进行测定与分析,使用熵权法和聚类分析法,将6种树种按照综合理化性质与燃烧性能差异进行排序和抗火性能等级划分。结果表明:1)树种间树皮的理化性质与燃烧性能指标均呈显著性差异,无患子树皮厚度和粗灰分含量偏高,含水率与粗脂肪含量偏低;余甘子树皮含水率和燃点显著高于其他树种,且粗纤维含量与热值显著低于其他树种;女贞树皮厚度、粗脂肪与木质素含量偏低,燃点显著低于其他树种;乌桕树皮厚度、粗脂肪含量、燃点与热值均偏高;野八角树皮粗灰分含量偏低,粗纤维含量显著高于其他树种;华山松树皮含水率最低,热值显著高于其他树种。2)6种树种树皮的抗火性大小排序为:无患子>余甘子>女贞>乌桕>野八角>华山松。3)6种树种树皮的抗火性可分为3类,无患子的抗火性较好,可作为当地防火树种;余甘子、女贞、乌桕抗火性一般,在生物防火隔离带中可用于混交林营造;野八角和华山松抗火性较差,在大面积纯林区域应注意火灾防治。

The frequent occurrence of forest fires in Xichang City posed great threat to local people′s property and forest ecology.In order to effectively enhance the forest fire prevention capability,the fire resistance of bark of 6 tree species in mountain forest around Xichang City were measured and analyzed.Using entropy weight method and cluster analysis,the fire resistance performance of 6 tree species were sorted and classified,which is based on their comprehensive physicochemical properties and combustion performances differences.The results indicated that there were significant differences in the physicochemical properties and combustion performances of bark among the tree species.The thickness of the bark and the content of crude ash were relatively high,while the moisture content and crude fat content were relatively low in Sapindus mukorossi bark.The moisture content and ignition point of Phyllanthus emblica bark were significantly higher than those of other tree species,and the content of crude fibre and caloric value were significantly lower than those of other tree species.The bark thickness,the content of crude fat and lignin of Ligustrum lucidum bark were relatively low,and its ignition point was significantly lower than other that of tree species.The bark thickness,the content of crude fat,ignition point,and caloric value of Sapium sebiferum were all relatively high.The content of crude ash in Illicium simonsii bark was relatively low,and the content of crude fibre was significantly higher than that of other tree species.The bark of Pinus armandii had the lowest moisture content and significantly higher caloric value than that of other tree species.Bark fire resistance of the 6 tree species followed the order of S.mukorossi>P.emblica>L.lucidum>S.sebiferum>I.simonsii>P.armandii.The fire resistance of bark from 6 tree species could be divided into 3 class.S.mukorossi had better fire resistance and could be used as the local fire-resistant tree.The fire resistance of P.emblica,L.lucidum and S.sebiferum was average,which could be used in the construction of mixed forest in biological fire barriers.I.simonsii and P.armandii had poor fire resistance,which should be paid attention to fire prevention in large areas of pure forest.