福州城市绿地冬季鸟类多样性分析

Winter Birds Diversity in Urban Green Spaces of Fuzhou

福州位于东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙的通道上,探究福州城市绿地冬季鸟类的种类、数量、群落结构、多样性的特点及差异,可以为福州冬季鸟类多样性保护提供依据。2021—2023年1月、2月,采用样线法、样点法对福州市7个城市绿地冬季的鸟类多样性进行调查。通过Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)、Simpson优势度指数(λ)和SΦrensen相似性系数(C_(S))分别计算鸟类群落的α多样性和β多样性;并采用BAS法对β多样性进行分解。结果表明:1)记录到鸟类有18目54科197种,其中,国家一、二级重点保护野生动物分别有3,25种;古北界90种,东洋界72种,广布种38种;留鸟87种,夏候鸟10种,冬候鸟91种,旅鸟6种,迷鸟3种。2)Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)最高的城市绿地为福州国家森林公园(H′=3.928),最低的为乌山历史风貌区(H′=2.914);Pielou均匀度指数(J)最高的城市绿地为福州国家森林公园(J=0.871),最低的为闽江河口湿地国家公园(J=0.709);Simpson优势度指数(λ)最高的城市绿地为乌山历史风貌区(λ=0.088),最低的为福州国家森林公园(λ=0.026)。3)各城市绿地间β多样性周转组分(β_(sim)=0.278)高于嵌套组分(β_(sne)=0.242)。福州冬季水鸟种类丰富、数量较多,邻近水体的城市绿地的鸟类多样性高于远离水体的城市绿地。7个城市绿地具有整体保护价值,保护不分优先级。

Fuzhou is located on the East Asian-Australasian Flyways.This study explored the characteristics and differences of species,quantity,community structure and diversity of winter birds in different types of urban green spaces of Fuzhou,in order to provide a reference for the protection of winter birds.We investigated bird diversity using the transect line method and sample method in 7 different types of urban green spaces of Fuzhou during 2021 to 2023 in January and February,respectively.The species and quantity of birds in different urban green spaces are recorded.Theαdiversity was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′),Pielou′s evenness index(J)and Simpson dominance index(λ).Theβdiversity was calculated using the Srensen similarity index(C_(S)),which was decomposed by the BAS method.The result showed that:1)197 species were recorded,belonging to 18 orders,54 families.There are 3 species listed in the first category of key protected wild animals of national importance,and 25 species in the second.There are 90 species in the Palearctic realm,72 species in the Oriental realm,and 38 species with wide distribution.There are 87 resident bird species,as well as 10 summer migrant species,91 winter migrant species,6 passing migrant species and 3 straggler species.2)The urban green spaces with the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)is Fuzhou National Forest Park(H′=3.928),and the lowest is the Wushan Historical Area(H′=2.914).The urban green spaces with the highest Pielou′s evenness index(J)is Fuzhou National Forest Park(J=0.871),and the lowest is Fujian Changle Min River Estuary National Wetland Park(J=0.709).The urban green spaces with the highest Simpson dominance index(λ)is Wushan Historical Area(λ=0.088),and the lowest is Fuzhou National Forest Park(λ=0.026).3)Beta diversity species turnover(β_(sim)=0.278)is higher than Beta diversity nestedness(β_(sne)=0.242).It has been found that Fuzhou has anabundant quantity and variety of winter birds.Urban green spaces with large water areas or those close to water bodies contain more species and quantities of birds than mountain spaces that are far from water.The seven urban green spaces have an overall conservation value,and protection is equally important for all.