马克思“抽象劳动”批判的三个向度及其伦理意蕴

The Three Dimensions of Marx’s Critique of“Abstract Labor”and Its Ethical Connotation

“抽象劳动”批判是马克思政治经济学批判的核心内容之一。从马克思学说的整体性特质来说,作为政治经济学批判内核的“抽象劳动”批判,本质上也是一种价值哲学批判。《巴黎手稿》承接黑格尔“抽象劳动”的“人伦—精神”意象,依据费尔巴哈“人本学”原则,开启了“抽象劳动”的哲学—经济学批判,呈现了马克思“抽象劳动”批判原初的“分离—颠倒”意涵及其“类活动”伦理指向。《资本论》及其手稿从“劳动力商品”和“价值形式”两个方面,科学诠释“抽象劳动”的内涵,揭示“抽象劳动”在劳动价值论和剩余价值论中的枢纽地位和支点意义,在政治经济学批判与价值哲学批判的统一中,通过对工人劳动时间结构的分析和“三位一体”公式的解构,彰显“抽象劳动”批判的生命时间伦理和劳动正义伦理。

The critique of“abstract labor”is one of the core contents of Marx’s political and economic criticism.From the holistic nature of Marxist theory,the critique of“abstract labor”as the core of political and economic criticism is essentially a critique of value philosophy.The Paris Manuscript inherited Hegel’s“human ethics spirit”image of“abstract labor”,and based on Feuerbach’s“humanistic”principle,opened up the philosophical economic criticism of“abstract labor”,presenting Marx’s original“separation reversal”ethical direction of“abstract labor”criticism.Capital and its manuscripts scientifically interpreted the connotation of“abstract labor”from two aspects:“labor commodity”and“value form”,revealing the pivotal position and fulcrum significance of“abstract labor”in labor value theory and surplus value theory.In the unity of political economy criticism and value philosophy criticism,they demonstrated the life time ethics and labor justice ethics of“abstract labor”criticism.