杨简《慈湖春秋解》的宋学旨趣

The Learning Purport of the Song Dynasty in Cihu’s Interpretation of Spring and Autumn Annals by Yang Jian

杨简的《慈湖春秋解》具有鲜明的心学印记,其内容、解经方式以及思想内涵呈现出较为显著的宋学旨趣。杨简认同并高扬《春秋》宋学中的尊王共识,力倡“王命至上”,并通过对“君位继承”和“征讨侵伐”事件的讨论来表达自己对帝王的尊崇以及对王权的维护。同时,杨简认为以尊王为代表的众“道”具足于《春秋》,故他视《春秋》为明“道”之书,并揭示其“是非不相掩”的特点。在挖掘《春秋》之“道”时,杨简采取“以心释《春秋》”的方式创通经义,不但对三传及历代研治《春秋》之人皆有评判取舍,而且他摆脱“理”的约束,径以“心”为评判是非之标准。《慈湖春秋解》作为宋学中心学一派鲜有的《春秋》经解著作,一定程度上反映了心学一派的《春秋》诠释取向和《春秋》宋学的时代特色,在宋代《春秋》学史上具有重要意义。

Cihu’s Interpretation of Spring and Autumn Annals by Yang Jian had a distinct imprint of the learning of the heart-mind.Its content,interpretation methods,and ideological connotations presented a significant interest in the learning spirit of the Song Dynasty.Yang Jian recognized and promoted the consensus on respecting the king in the Song Dynasty in Spring and Autumn Annals and advocated“the supremacy of the king’s orders”.He also expressed his respect for the emperor and maintenance of royal power through discussions on“succession of the throne”and“conquest and invasion”.At the same time,Yang Jian believed that the“Tao”represented by“respecting the king”was sufficient in Spring and Autumn Annals,so he regarded Spring and Autumn Annals as a book that clarified“Tao”and revealed its characteristic of“not concealing right from wrong”.When digging into the“Tao”of Spring and Autumn Annals,Yang Jian adopted the method of“interpreting from the heart-mind”to create a clear understanding of the meaning of the classics.Not only did he make judgments on the three biographies and those who studied Spring and Autumn Annals in the past dynasties,but he also got rid of the constraints imposed by“reason”,and used“heart-mind”as the standard for judging right and wrong.Cihu’s interpretation of Spring and Autumn Annals,a rare interpretation of Spring and Autumn Annals by the School of Heart-Mind,to a certain extent,reflected the interpretation orientation of Spring and Autumn Annals by the School of Heart-Mind and the academic characteristics of the Song Dynasty in the study of Spring and Autumn Annals.It was of great significance in the history of the study of Spring and Autumn Annals in the Song Dynasty.