清代新疆伊犁将军与乌鲁木齐都统节制关系的现实表达

The Actual Expression of Administrative Relationship between the Yili General and the Urumqi Commander-in-chief in the Qing Dynasty′s Xinjiang

清代新疆军府制下,伊犁将军节制乌鲁木齐都统,具有实际管理权。伊犁将军奉谕旨审理乌鲁木齐都统及其辖区内案件,超越常规司法程序,达到了司法监督的效果。伊犁将军对乌鲁木齐都统任职情况以及员缺时及时上奏皇帝,保证都统之职正常运转。伊犁将军管辖乌鲁木齐都统辖下的驻防八旗和绿营,按例对驻防八旗和绿营职官出具切实考语,考察各官员任期内的表现。乌鲁木齐在内地化过程中,逐渐疏离伊犁将军的管辖,政治重要性不断加强。新疆省制建立,伊犁将军与乌鲁木齐都统的关系演变为伊犁将军与新疆巡抚的关系。新疆巡抚节制全疆,伊犁将军管理伊塔地区,拥有军政权和司法权,伊塔道由伊犁将军和新疆巡抚双重管辖。

Under the jurisdiction of the military Xinjiang government of Qing Dynasty the Yili General and the Urumqi Commander-in-chief both enjoyed actual administrative power.The Yili General was royally empowered with trials on the Urumqi Commander-in-chief and cases under his rule,achieving the effect of judicial supervision beyond the conventional judicial procedures;he was also responsible for reporting to the monarch on the Urumqi Commander-in-chief′s officialdom in terms of presence and absence so as to ensure the proper operation of the said position.The Yili General placed under his command the garrison Eight Banners and the Green Barracks that the Urumqi Commander-in-chief was entitled to,rendered a factual assessment of their officialdom and performance.In the process of internalization under the royal government Urumqi gradually alienated itself from theYili General′s jurisdiction,and its political status was increased.With the establishment of Xinjiang province-hood,the relationship between the Yili General and the Urumqi Commander-in-chief was transformed to that between the Yili General and the Xinjiang Governor.The latter was responsible for administering the affairs throughout Xinjiang while the former the affairs of Yili and Tacheng with military,administrative and judicial power;the Yili and Tacheng Prefecture was jointly governed by the Yili General and the Xinjiang Governor.