东北中东部山区天然次生林乔木物种组成和群落结构特征

Tree species composition and community structure of natural secondary forests in the middle-eastern mountainous area of Northeast China

【目的】研究东北中东部地区天然次生林林分内物种组成和群落结构特征,旨在为东北中东部地区天然次生林物种研究与经营提供科学的理论和数据支持。【方法】按照地理网络布点在长白山、张广才岭和老爷岭地区设置样地进行群落调查,共调查0.1 hm^(2)(半径为17.85 m的样圆)样地183块,并对调查样地内物种组成、区系特征、重要值、径级结构和多样性等进行研究。【结果】调查区内胸径(DBH)≥5 cm乔木数量共15 601株,隶属于15科31属60种,主要以蔷薇科和槭树科物种种类最多,以壳斗科和槭树科物种数量最多,以蒙古栎、紫椴、色木槭、春榆和桦树为主要构成树种,该地区物种组成丰富,物种科分属6个区系,以北温带与南温带间断分布为主;物种属共包含9个区系,以北温带分布为主;重要值排名前3的树种,除长白山地区蒙古栎和紫椴的径级结构呈现正态分布、树种个体集中在8~18 cm径级外,长白山地区春榆,张广才岭地区蒙古栎、色木槭和春榆以及老爷岭地区蒙古栎、黑桦和紫椴的径级结构均呈倒“J”形分布,树种个体主要集中在18cm径级以下,整体林分更新良好。3个地区物种丰富度相似,除Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)外,老爷岭地区物种与长白山和张广才岭地区存在显著性差异(P≤0.05),其他多样性指标在各地区之间无显著性差异,且3个地区物种相似性均属于中等相似。【结论】我国东北中东部山区森林乔木种类较为丰富,林分中小、中径级林木居多,更新状况良好,未来该区域森林仍能较为稳定发展。该研究成果可为我国东北中东部地区天然次生林的研究和经营提供科学的理论和数据支持。

【Objective】In order to study the species composition and community structure characteristics of natural secondary forest stands in the central and eastern parts of Northeast China.【Method】Geographical network layout plots were set up in Changbai 2 Mountain,Zhangguangcailing and Laoyeling areas,and a total of 183 plots of 0.1 hm were investigated.And species composition,flora characteristics,important values,diameter structure and diversity were researched in the plots.【Result】There were 15601 trees with DBH≥5 cm in the survey area,belonging to 15 families,31 genera,and 60 species.The species of Rosaceae and Aceraceae were the most,the number of species of Crustaceae and Aceraceae was the most,and the main species were Quercus mongolica,Tilia amurensis,Acer mono,Ulmus pumila,Betula.The species composition was rich in this area.The species family spaned a total of 6 floras,the north temperate and south temperate distributed was the main,and the species genu spaned a total of 9 floras,the north temperate was the main.For the diameter-level structure of the top three tree species with important values,except that the diameter-level structure of Q.mongolica and T.amurensis in Changbai Mountain showed a normal distribution,and the tree species were concentrated in the diameter of 8-18 cm,the diameter-level structures of Ulmus pumila in Changbai Mountain,Q.mongolica,A.mono and U.pumila in Zhangguangcailing area,and Quercus mongolica,Betula davurica and Tilia amurensis in Laoyeling area were all inverted“J”shaped,and tree species were mainly concentrated below 18 cm.The species richness of the three regions was similar.Except for the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H’),the species in Laoyeling had a significant difference with that in Changbai Mountain and Zhangguangcailing(P≤0.05),there were no significant differences among regions for other indicators of diversity,and the species similarity in the three regions was moderately similar.【Conclusion】The forest tree species are abundant in the middle-eastern mountainous area of northeast China,most of them are medium and small diameter trees,and the regeneration condition is good.The forest in this area can still develop stably in the future.The above research results can provide scientific theoretical and data support for the research and management of natural secondary forest species in the central and eastern parts of Northeast China.