角鲨烯的开发及其在动物生产中的应用

Development of Squalene and Its Application in Animal Production

角鲨烯是一种天然的全反式三萜烯类化合物,是甾醇、藿烷类、三萜类物质的前体物质,在机体代谢中起关键作用。角鲨烯具有良好的抗氧化、抗炎和抑菌特性,在改善动物生长、保护肠道健康和提高抗逆性等方面发挥重要作用。角鲨烯通过调控核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)促进相应抗氧化酶和解毒酶基因转录,提高机体抗氧化水平;还通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)、核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)、基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ,PPARγ)下调炎性反应通路,提高抗炎因子表达以终止炎症反应。在动物抗病方面,角鲨烯可改善动物的免疫功能,提高血清中抗体水平,进而改善动物抵御病原体和毒物的能力。在维护肠道健康方面,角鲨烯能够有效改善肠道的抗氧化功能,维持肠道机械屏障形态与通透性稳态,为肠道益生菌群附着提供场所,进而显著改善畜禽肠道耐受性及其消化功能。此外,角鲨烯在提高动物生殖性能方面发挥重要作用,如诱导发情、提高精液品质和改善胚胎健康等。综上,角鲨烯在动物生产中作为一种天然替抗产品具有较好的应用价值和研究潜力。作者综述了角鲨烯的开发及其生物学功能,以期为角鲨烯的增量扩产和在动物生产中的应用提供理论依据。

Squalene is a natural all-trans triterpene compound,which is the precursor of sterols,hopanes and triterpenes,and plays a key role in metabolism.Squalene plays an important role in improving animal growth,protecting intestinal health and improving stress resistance due to its good antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.Squalene can regulate nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)to promote the transcription of corresponding antioxidant enzymes and detoxification enzyme genes,improve the antioxidant level of the body,down-regulate the inflammatory response pathway through mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ),and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory factors to terminate the inflammatory response.In terms of animal disease resistance,squalene can improve the immune function of animals,increase the level of antibodies in the serum,and thus improve the ability of animals to resist pathogens and poisons.In terms of maintaining intestinal health,squalene can effectively improve intestinal antioxidant function,maintain intestinal mechanical barrier form and permeability homeostasis,provide a place for intestinal probiotics to attach,and then significantly improve intestinal tolerance and digestive function of livestock and poultry.In addition,squalene plays an important role in improving animal reproductive performance,such as inducing estrus,improving semen quality and improving embryo health.In conclusion,squalene has good application value and research potential as a natural antibiotic substitute in animal production.In this paper,the development and biological functions of squalene were reviewed in order to provide theoretical basis for the incremental expansion of squalene production and its application in animal production.