哺乳动物小卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的研究进展

Research Progress on in vitro Maturation of Small Follicle-derived Oocytes in Mammalian

体外成熟是哺乳动物胚胎工程获得成熟卵母细胞的主要途径,卵母细胞质量直接影响早期胚胎发育,妊娠的建立及维持,胎儿的发育等。哺乳动物卵巢表面数量众多的小卵泡可以作为胚胎工程卵母细胞的来源,但从哺乳动物卵巢获取的卵母细胞成熟差异较大,存在处于发育各个时期的卵母细胞,小卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟质量差,发育能力不足。如何提高小卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的发育能力以充分挖掘优良母畜的遗传资源,提高胚胎工程效率成为研究热点。基于此,文章概述哺乳动物小卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的研究进展,比较大、小卵泡卵母细胞物质积累差异、卵泡的卵泡液成分及含量差异以及卵泡颗粒细胞和卵丘细胞的差异,分析哺乳动物小卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟质量差的原因,分析总结提高哺乳动物小卵泡体外成熟卵母细胞发育能力的措施,包括抑制核成熟、成熟前培养、颗粒细胞及卵丘细胞与卵母细胞共培养,期望能够为小卵泡卵母细胞发育调控机制的研究及发育能力的提高提供理论指导。

In vitro maturation is the main way for mammalian embryo engineering to obtain mature oocytes.The quality of oocytes directly affects early embryonic development,establishment and maintenance of pregnancy,and fetal development.The large number of small follicles on the surface of mammalian ovaries can provide oocytes that apply to embryo engineering,but the oocytes obtain from the ovary are at different stages that shows different mature capacity,and the quality of in vitro maturation of oocytes from small follicles are poor and deficient in developmental ability.How to improve the in vitro maturation ability of small follicle oocytes to fully tap into the genetic resources of excellent female animals and improve the efficiency of embryo engineering has become a research hotspot.Based on this,the review summarizes the research progress of in vitro maturation of small follicle oocytes in mammalian,compares the differences in accumulation of oocyte material,the differences in the composition and content of follicular fluid,and the differences between follicular granulosa cells and cumulus cells in large and small follicles,analyzes the reasons for the poor quality of mammalian small follicle oocytes in vitro maturation,analyzes and summarizes the measures to improve the developmental ability of mammalian small follicle oocytes in vitro maturation,including inhibition of nuclear maturation,pre-maturation culture of oocyte and co-culture of oocytes with granulosa and cumulus cells,which aimes at providing theoretical guidance for the research of the development regulation mechanism of small follicle oocytes and the improvement of developmental capacity.