地震超前探测技术在煤矿中的应用研究

Research of seismic advanced detection technology in coal mines

采用新一代高速、高分辨矿井地震仪在某矿掘进面进行超前探测研究。由于采空区、断层等地质异常破坏了煤层的完整性,与原煤(未开采煤层)相比会表现出不同的物理性质,主要体现在介质的密度和地震波的传播速度这2方面,针对这一物理现象可利用地震波法进行煤矿地震勘探研究。煤层巷道地震超前探测技术是利用在煤层内部激发的地震波遇到异常反射体(如断层、陷落柱、巷道和采空区等)时产生的反射波,对反射波反射点进行反射归位可得到异常反射体的反射面,根据反射面的走向判断反射体特别是断层的走向等信息。利用地震超前探测技术原理,根据反射时距曲线的负视速度特征,采用了线性Radon变换技术进行上下行波分离,从而来提取反射波信息进行解释。对巷道前方异常的钻探验证表明,钻探结果与物探探测成果吻合。

This study utilizes a new generation of high-speed,high-resolution mine seismic instruments to conduct advanced detection research at a certain driving face.Due to geological anomalies such as goafs and faults that disrupt the integrity of coal seams,compared with raw coal(unmined coal seam),it exhibits different physical properties,mainly reflected in the density of the medium and the propagation speed of seismic waves.Seismic wave methods can be employed to study seismic exploration in coal mining based on this physical phenomenon.The seismic advanced detection technology in coal mine roadways is achieved by utilizing the reflection waves generated when the seismic waves excited inside the coal seam encounter abnormal reflectors(such as faults,collapsed columns,roadways,and goafs).By reflecting and positioning the reflection points of the reflection waves,the reflection surface of the abnormal reflectors can be obtained.Based on the direction of the reflection surface,the direction of the reflectors,especially the direction of the faults,can be determined.Using the principle of seismic advanced detection technology,linear Radon transform technology was used to separate the up and down traveling waves based on the negative apparent velocity characteristics of the reflection time distance curve,in order to extract reflection wave information for interpretation.The drilling verification of anomalies in front of the roadway indicates that the drilling results are consistent with the geophysical exploration results.