平台治理焦点文献述评:场域、内涵与整合性理论框架

Key Literature Review on Platform Governance:Field,Connotation,and Integrated Theoretical Framework

平台战略在实践领域的蓬勃发展为企业提供成长动力并创造社会价值。然而,平台模式的风险和负外部性也逐步涌现,引发产业实践、学术领域和政策制定者对平台治理的高度关注。采用文献研究方法,对平台治理主题的焦点文献进行系统回顾,明确平台治理的三类核心场域,提出权力分配和行为塑造两个视角下的平台治理内涵和关键维度,从平台治理前因、机制、绩效和边界条件出发,建构平台治理“前因—机制—绩效”的整合性理论框架,并结合当前中国情境的特殊性,对平台治理的中国情境化研究进行展望。

Platform strategy is flourishing in the practical field,and issues related to platform governance have attracted high attention from industry practice,academia,and policy makers.However,existing research on platform gover nance often embeds specific platform contexts,resulting in excessive contextualization in platform governance research.The discussion and summary of the connotation dimensions,governance mechanisms,and theoretical context of platform governance need to be further expanded.Using literature analysis methods to review the literature on platform governance published in international high-quality journals,and constructing an integrated theoretical framework for platform governance.Firstly,a standardized literature review method was used to select search keywords and screening logic,resulting in a total of 803 relevant literature as the initial sample;Secondly,the literature that is significantly inconsistent with the theme of this article were deleted and 122 core articles were selected on platform governance.Subsequently,the authors thoroughly read the full text of the aforementioned 122 core articles and deleted articles that did not focus on platform governance.Combined with the international authority of the journal to which the literature belongs,38 articles were selected as the analysis object.On this basis,the content analysis method was conducted to code and analyze the selected articles,clarify the connotation,the antecedents,mechanisms,and performance of platform governance,and ultimately construct a theoretical framework for platform governance research.Especially,this article also searched important academic journals in China and attempted to propose prospects for platform governance research in the context of domestic literature review.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)Platform governance mainly involves three different governance fields:transaction platforms,software platforms,and platform organizations.(2)The connotation of platform governance includes two aspects:on the one hand,platform governance addresses the allocation of platform power among platform participants(including platform owners and platform complementors),with key dimensions being decision-making authority,ownership allocation,and platform control;On the other hand,platform governance refers to a set of rules and processes that platform owners regulate and coordinate the behavior of platform members to ensure effective value creation and fair value distribution.Coordination and control are key dimensions of platform governance.(3)The scope of platform services as an antecedent variable affects the choice of platform governance mode;Platform owners constrain and regulate complementors through formal control mechanisms(including input control,output control,and process control)and informal control mechanisms(mainly clan control).At the same time,they also support and empower complementors through coordination mechanisms such as platform task allocation,reputation system,socialization,and incentive structure,thereby promoting value creation and capture in the platform ecosystem;The design and implementation of platform governance mechanisms have a significant impact on both the platform itself and its complementors.The platform performance dimensions mainly focus on platform evolution and platform network effects;The complementors'performance dimensions revolve around complementors'participation,complementors'innovation,and complementors'willingness;The effectiveness of platform governance is influenced by the technological architecture of the platform.Platform governance and platform architecture are interrelated selection systems that together shape the platform ecosystem.Combining the current status of platform governance research and the practical needs of platform economic development in China,future research needs to be further explored:(1)Incorporate China's institutional environment into platform governance research,and further explore the power distribution and boundaries of platform governance,as well as the synergistic model between platform governance mechanisms and institutional environment.(2)Strengthen the research on the influencing factors of platform governance mechanism design and selection,especially in the context of complex and diverse stakeholders in China's digital platform ecosystem.(3)Strengthen the research on the relationship between platform governance and innovation and entrepreneurship of small and medium-sized enterprises in China,as well as the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.(4)Strengthen the continuous tracking of the platform governance process and guide the in-depth analysis of its internal impact mechanisms.