现象学的解卦方案——以张祥龙的现象学释《易》法解屯卦

A Phenomenological Approach to the Explanation of Hexagrams:Using Zhang Xianglong's Phenomenological Interpretive Approach to the Exegesis of Hexagram Zhun

张祥龙提出了与时偕行的“象辞互凑生成法”,用以解释《周易》的卦画与卦爻辞之间的生成意蕴。这一解释方法是现象学的,因为它所从出的思想机缘是张祥龙对现象学之构成性、发生性、边缘性以及非对象化思想特征的揭示。以象辞互凑生成法解卦的核心在于因时因势地对筮例进行取象解释,但此种取象并不因此沦为任意的,相反,它始终紧扣阴阳转化的时机,根据卦画的阴阳排布序列以及爻位的先天成象完成对卦爻辞之后天物象的阐释。它从根本上拒绝对卦爻辞作出纯粹历史的解释或按照个人偏好对物象的肆意发挥。就此而言,张祥龙提出的现象学释《易》法即象辞互凑生成法恰好能够提供一种对《易经》解读方法本身的反思,因为它运用了一种既来自后验的又同时是先天的方法来解释《易经》的卦爻辞与卦爻画。以屯卦为例,可以具体演示这种解读思路。

Zhang Xianglong(1949-2022)proposed the“method of gathering images together with hexagram and line statement”象辞互凑生成法to explain the generation of meaning between the hexagram image and the hexagram and line statements in the Book of Changes.This explanatory method is phenomenological,as the intellectual opportunity it arises from is Zhang Xianglong’s revelation of the constitutive,generative,marginal,and non-objectified characteristics of phenomenology.The core of using the method of gathering images together with hexagram and line statements to interpret hexagrams lies in interpreting divination cases according to time and situation,but this approach does not mean it is arbitrary.On the contrary,it always closely follows the timing of the transformation of yin and yang and completes the interpretation of the image of later heaven of the hexagram and line statement based on the image of former heaven of the arrangement sequence of yin and yang of the hexagram and the line positions.It fundamentally refuses to provide purely historical explanations for hexagrams and lines and willful explanation of images according to personal preferences.In this regard,Zhang Xianglong’s phenomenological interpretation of the Book of Changes,also known as the method of gathering images and words,can provide a reflection on the interpretation method of the Book of Changes itself,as it uses a method that is both posterior and innate to explain the hexagram and line images and statements in the Book of Changes.Taking hexagram Zhun[■,Birth Throes,3]as an example,we could demonstrate this interpretive approach in detail.