《周易·杂卦》释例

On the Rules of Zagua of the Yijing

《杂卦》之名已经揭示了其相对于《序卦》会含有更复杂的编卦体例。以往诸家承袭解读《序卦》的思路,单一化地理解《杂卦》的编次规律,这是不正确的。《杂卦》的体例,是以卦体、卦义为元素,次第展示“体义皆对”“体对义不对”“体不对义对”三种类型的组合。唯大过、夬二卦例外,这种“为例不纯”的现象同《序卦》的咸、未济一样,皆是为了表示某种框架、大义。大过训颠,为颠倒之始;次姤,为阴长阳消之初;末夬,为阴尽阳复之几。夬决则纯乾,拨乱反正,以示天道之常、乾坤不息之理。变而能济,济而复全,构成了《杂卦》义理的辩证性。过去学界对于《杂卦》卦次规律性的理解多有不确,根本原因在于对文本的关注不够,大多仅据卦次展开论述,而忽略了文本的文字部分。

The name Zagua(Hexagrams in Irregular Order)itself reveals that it contains a more complex hexagram arrangement compared to Xugua(Orderly Sequence of the Hexagrams).In the past,various academic schools followed the approach of interpreting Xugua and understood the rules of the order arrangement of Zagua in a unitary way,which is incorrect.The stylistic rules of Zagua are based on the elements of hexagram body and hexagram meaning,and sequentially displays three types of combinations:“both body and meaning are correct”,“body and meaning are incorrect”,and“body is incorrect and meaning is correct”.The only exception is the two hexagrams of Daguo[■,Major Superiority,28]and Guai[■,Resolution,43].This phenomenon of“impure examples”is similar to the hexagrams Xian[■,Influence,Reciprocity,31]and Weiji[■,Ferrying Incomplete,64]in the Xugua,both of which are used to express a certain framework and great significance.Daguo means reversal and is the beginning of it;then the hexagram Gou[■,Encounter,44],which is the beginning of the waxing of yin and waning of yang;at the end is the hexagram Guai,which is the point where yin is exhausted and yang begins to be restored.When Guai is finished,then comes pure Qian[■,The Creative,1],to rectify the chaos and demonstrate the principle of the constant nature of heaven and the incessant nature of heaven and earth.The dialectical feature of the meaning of Zagua lies in its ability to change and aid,aid and restore.In the past,there were many misunderstandings in academia regarding the regularity of the hexagrams in Zagua.The fundamental reason was the lack of enough attention paid to the text,and most discussions were based solely on the order of hexagrams,neglecting the textual part of the text.