论工作自由权在我国宪法上的证成——对劳动规范的再理解

On the Right to Work Freedom in the Chinese Constitution:A Reinterpretation of Labor Provision in the Chinese Constitution

工作自由权是现行宪法劳动规范在市场经济时代变迁的产物。这一权利一方面根植于劳动规范所蕴含的政治承认伦理与自我决定理念,另一方面契合了市场经济入宪后的经济自由主义转向,弥补了劳动规范社会权解释方案与职业自由权解释方案的不足。由于缺乏直接的文本基础,工作自由权应当作为一项未列举基本权利,从劳动规范与关联规范的目的解释与体系解释中得出。工作自由权的核心主张是“以工作自由能力保证自我决定权与国家主人地位”,反对经济总量叙事下将个体矮化为人力资本。宪法和劳动法的各种制度安排应当以扩大公民的工作自由权可行能力为首要目的,而非简单的物质保障或经济激励。

The right to work freedom emerges as a consequence of the transformation of Chinese constitution’s labor provision in the Market Economy Era.This newfound right is grounded in the principles of political acknowledgment and self-determination,as well as the shifts towards economic liberalism following the integration of the market economy into the Chinese constitution,thereby addresses the defi ciencies of the interpretations of social rights and the right to occupational freedom.As an unenumerated fundamental right,the right to work freedom can be interpreted under the labor provision and related ones by the method of purposive interpretation and systemic interpretation.It emphasizes individuals’capability for work freedom necessary for self-determination and being masters of the country,rather than mere workforce in economic construction.Constitution and labor legislations should prioritize expanding citizens’capability for the right to work freedom,rather than solely focusing on welfare or economic incentives.