数智时代人类教师与虚拟教师融合的目标、场景与路径

Integration of Human Teachers and Virtual Teachers in the Digital Intelligence Era:Goals,Scenarios and Paths

人机协同教学是教育发展的趋势,人类教师与虚拟教师并存已成为数智时代的教育新现象,促进两者从协同走向融合有利于教育的数字化转型和高质量发展。人类教师与虚拟教师融合的底层逻辑是优势互补,即充分发挥两者在教育信息采集获取、处理分析以及形成教育决策方面的优势,进而达成教学过程中客观与经验、统一与灵活、精准与弹性间的平衡。人类教师与虚拟教师的融合应当通过拓展各自的能力限度以形成“人机协作”的教育智慧,通过避免浅层次的“物物整合”以实现“人机融合”的教育样态,通过突破固有的时空界限以打造“开放灵活”的教学环境。其典型的应用场景包括三类:一是基于“双师共场”构建沉浸式的教学情境,增强学习中的交互体验;二是通过“人机协同”更为精准地勾勒学习者画像,赋能个性化教学;三是依靠“人机联合”综合分析教学过程中的多维度信息,支撑更为精准的立体化评价。为此,需要构建有助于人机协同的教学空间,创设基于多模态信息的师生交互模式,并遵循人类教师与虚拟教师应然的职责和伦理界限。

Human-machine collaborative teaching represents a trend in educational development,and the coexistence of human teachers and virtual teachers has become a new phenomenon in the digital intelligence era of education.Promoting the transition from collaboration to integration benefits the digital transformation of education and the enhancement of its quality.The underlying logic of the integration of human teachers and virtual teachers is complementary advantages,that is,fully exerting the advantages of both in educational information collection,processing and analysis,and forming educational decisions,in order to achieve a balance between objectivity and experience,unity and flexibility,precision and flexibility in the teaching process.The integration of human teachers and virtual teachers should form an educational wisdom of“human-machine collaboration”by expanding their respective ability limits,achieve an educational style of“human-machine integration”by avoiding superficial“object-object conformity”,and create a“open and flexible”teaching environment by breaking through inherent time and space boundaries.The typical application scenarios include three categories:building an immersive teaching situation based on“co-presence of human teachers and virtual teachers”to enhance the interactive experience in learning,outlining the learner’s profile more accurately through“human-machine collaboration”to empower personalized teaching,and relying on the comprehensive analysis of multidimensional information in the teaching process through“human-machine collaboration”to support multidimensional assessment.Therefore,it is necessary to build a teaching space that facilitates human-machine collaboration,create a teacher-student interaction mode based on multimodal information,and adhere to the responsibilities and ethical boundaries of human teachers and virtual teachers.