经史互济:论贺复征的选本批评观

Mutual-Complementation between Classic and History: On He Fuzheng's Critical Views on Anthology

明代的文学总集,以吴讷《文章辨体》、徐师曾《文体明辨》、贺复征《文章辨体汇选》为代表,它们堪称明代文学总集的集大成之作。贺复征的《文章辨体汇选》一方面延续了明初以来“文章以体制为先”及“条分缕析”的辨体观;另一方面,他则以实际的选文辨体操作反驳了吴讷、徐师曾等人崇古抑今的观点,让辨体观具有折衷主义的色彩。这是一条更为复杂与综合的文体学术路径:借辨体之精细指向“体以济史”,以选文之荟萃指向“文以济史”,最终以“经史互济”的方式使《文章辨体汇选》达到致用的目的。“经史互济”的选本批评观最终呈现为“尊经重史”的治学态度,实现了重义理与重文学的统一,从而呈现出独属于晚明文人的“文体自觉”意识。

Wen Zhang Bian Ti by Wu Ne,Wen Ti Ming Bian by Xu Shizeng,and Wen Zhang Bian Ti Hui Xuan by He Fuzheng,these three anthologies could be seen as the representatives and the culminations of the literary collections in Ming Dynasty.He Fuzheng's Wen Zhang Bian Ti Hui Xuan passed down the ideas of“form gets the first priority in literature”and“systematic analysis”,which came down from the early Ming Dynasty.On the other hand,Wu,Xu,and other critics had a tendency of prizing the past and despising the present,but He Fuzheng refuted this trend with a more eclectic attitude,his approach was more complex and more integrated:His classification of literary styles was refined,which lead to the idea of“complete history with form”;His selection was more comprehensive,which lead to the idea of“complete history with literature”;Ultimately,for the purpose of practicability,an approach of“mutual-complementation between classic and history”has been applied in Wen Zhang Bian Ti Hui Xuan.And He Fuzheng's critical views of anthology were presented as an academic attitude of“respecting classic and valuing history”.He Fuzheng's work unified connotation and text,showed a unique“consciousness on literary form”of the literati in the late Ming Dynasty.