汉晋时期西南夷的祖源书写与文化认同

The Writing of Ancestral Origin and the Cultural Identity of Xi-nan Yi in Han and Jin Dynasties

汉晋时期,祖源的“记忆—叙事—书写”演进构成华夏与西南夷族群产生文化认同的重要前提。滇、夜郎、哀牢族群的祖源书写在形式上体现出由“神话”到“史传”的历时演进,在内容上体现出由“我者”到“他者”的认知转移。其中,滇人祖源书写以“史传”的形式展开,主要体现华夏“他者”认知;夜郎祖源书写以“神话+史传”的形式展开,分别对应夜郎“我者”认知与华夏“他者”认知的演进;哀牢祖源书写主要以“神话”的形式展开,对应哀牢“我者”认知与华夏“他者”认知的演进。若将西南夷祖源叙事纳入汉晋以来的知识建构背景考量,则从叙事母体、叙事图腾、叙事要素三方面显示出融合泛化的迹象。西南夷祖源书写的文化认同导致的角色反差,体现了汉晋时期“以夏变夷”与“夷夏之防”的观念调适,是华夏“大传统”对西南夷“小传统”的打破,也是西南夷“小传统”对华夏“大传统”的内化调适,共同构成铸造中华民族共同体的西南语境。

In Han and Jin dynasties, the evolution of “memory-narrative-writing” about ancestral origins provided an important prerequisite for the cultural identity between Huaxia and Xi-nan Yi. The writing of ancestral origins of the Dian, Yelang, and Ailao ethnic groups reflected a diachronic evolution in form, which evolved from “mythology” to “historical biography”, as well as a cognitive shift from “self” to “the other” in content. Placing Xi-nan Yi's ancestral origin narrative into the background of knowledge construction in Han and Jin dynasties, signs of fusion and generalization could be observed from three aspects: narrative matrix,narrative totem, and narrative elements. The contrast in roles caused by the cultural identity of Xi-nan Yi's ancestral narrative reflects the adjustment of the concepts “yi xia bian yi” and “yi xia zhi fang”. This process could be seen as an impact came from the “great tradition” of the Huaxia nation, which broke through the “little tradition” of Xi-nan Yi, or it could also be seen as an internalization and adaption from the latter to the former.This bilateral interaction process formed the Southwest context which has been forging the Chinese national community in this area.